1.深翻土壤，重施有機肥。比如瓜類蔬菜，需肥量大，因此肥效持久、養分含量全的有機肥必須施足。可深翻土壤30厘米以上，畝施雞鴨糞10～15立方米或牛羊豬糞25～30立方米。有機肥一定要充分腐熟後才能使用。

2.peifangkexueshifei。butongdefeiliaoduigenxishengchangdezuoyongshibuyiyangde，rugaizhijieyingxianggenjianfenshengzuzhidechengchang，xinjuedinggenjiandeshengchangsudu

，linnengcujingenxixibaodefenlie、增(zeng)殖(zhi)和(he)伸(shen)展(zhan)。因(yin)此(ci)，不(bu)論(lun)苗(miao)床(chuang)施(shi)肥(fei)，還(hai)是(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)地(di)施(shi)肥(fei)都(dou)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)施(shi)用(yong)過(guo)磷(lin)酸(suan)鈣(gai)和(he)硫(liu)酸(suan)鋅(xin)。如(ru)果(guo)在(zai)過(guo)磷(lin)酸(suan)鈣(gai)肥(fei)料(liao)中(zhong)摻(chan)入(ru)一(yi)定(ding)數(shu)量(liang)的(de)食(shi)醋(cu)
，可(ke)以(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)具(ju)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)溶(rong)解(jie)度(du)的(de)醋(cu)酸(suan)鈣(gai)，增(zeng)強(qiang)作(zuo)物(wu)對(dui)鈣(gai)的(de)吸(xi)收(shou)。

3.dingzhishiyaolutuo，xueshishengwujunfei。qieguoleishucaidegenxihaoqixingqiang，yincidingzhiqiewuguoshen，lutuoyouliyudingzhihougenxidefayu。genbubinghaishijinnianlaipengshigualeiheqieguoleishucaishengchanzhongdezhuyaowentizhiyi，xueshishengwujunfeikeyiliyongyijunyijundefangfayufanggenbubinghai，tongshihaikecugen、養根

，有利於蔬菜形成健壯根係。

4.yaobaohuyepian。genkaoyelaiyang，yincibaohuhaoyepianduigenxilaishuofeichangzhongyao。shouxian，shuyemoguodu。yinweiguoshishangbuyepiandeyingyangzhuyaogongyingguoshishengchang，erguoshixiabuyepiandeyingyangzhuyaogongyinggenxishengchang
，ruguoguozaoquchu，genxiruo，genxixishoufeishuidenenglijiujiangdi。qici，haiyaozhenduizuowubutongshiqideshenglixuyaohezhizhuchangshi，jiehebingchonghaifangzhipenshiyemianfei，tigaoyepiandeguanghexiaolv，yiyeyanggen。nenyefahuangshi，kepenyongtiexinyemianfei。laoyehuangshi，penyongxibaofenliesujiayemianfei。qianqipenshi300倍液的尿素，後期噴用500倍液磷酸二氫鉀。全栽培季可多次噴用愛多收6000倍，養根壯棵。

5.合理澆水追肥。在地溫低或黏土地上進行大水漫灌，對作物根係的傷害非常明顯。一次大水過後毛細根減少、黃(huang)葉(ye)等(deng)現(xian)象(xiang)經(jing)常(chang)發(fa)生(sheng)。而(er)這(zhe)些(xie)毛(mao)細(xi)根(gen)，正(zheng)是(shi)吸(xi)收(shou)養(yang)分(fen)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)器(qi)官(guan)。所(suo)以(yi)，要(yao)膜(mo)下(xia)澆(jiao)小(xiao)水(shui)
，有(you)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)可(ke)安(an)裝(zhuang)微(wei)噴(pen)灌(guan)溉(gai)係(xi)統(tong)，減(jian)少(shao)澆(jiao)水(shui)對(dui)根(gen)係(xi)的(de)傷(shang)害(hai)。