一、采收技術
冬季氣溫低,香菇生長緩慢,采下的菇肉肥厚,香氣濃、質量好。春、秋季高溫下長的菇個大肉薄,菇柄大,產量高,但質量不如冬菇。采摘標準以七、八分熟為度,此時,菇傘尚未完全張開,菌蓋邊緣還在向內卷成“銅鑼邊”。caizhaiguozao,chanliangguodi,guochizezhiliangbujia。caiguzuihaozaiqingtianjinxing,yinweiqingtiancaidegushuifenshao,yansehao。yutiancaideguhanshuilianggao,nanyiganzao,qiehongkaoyanseyibianhei。shineidaiyongliaozaipeishi,caizhaijiaojunkuaishangzuihaobuyaozhijiepenshui。caizhaishizuihaoshibianshubiancai,caidaliuxiao,jishijiagong。caigushiyongmuzhiheshizhiniezhugubingjibuzuoyouxuanzhuan,qingqingniuxia,buyaopengshangzhouweixiaogu,buyaobagujiaocanliuzaichuguwai,yifangfulanhouganranchongbing,yingxiangyihouchugu。xianggucaiwanhou,lizhengdangtianganzaohuosongshou,yimianfaheibianzhihefulan。
二、幹燥技術 香xiang菇gu幹gan燥zao方fang法fa很hen多duo,應ying根gen據ju各ge地di條tiao件jian而er定ding。山shan區qu宜yi采cai用yong火huo力li烘hong烤kao法fa,城cheng郊jiao地di區qu可ke用yong電dian熱re脫tuo水shui幹gan燥zao法fa。一yi般ban中zhong小xiao型xing生sheng產chan者zhe,宜yi采cai用yong日ri曬shai和he烘hong烤kao相xiang結jie合he的de方fang法fa。
1、日硒幹燥。此法最簡便易行,且曬幹的菇維生素Dhanlianggao。shaigandeshijianyueduan,sezezhiliangyuehao。danrishaiganzaoshouzirantianqidexianzhi,zhinengzaiqingtianjinxing。rishaishi,bacaihuidexianggujishitanfangzaixiangyangdeshaiguchanghuoshuinidimianshang。xianjianggugaixiangshang,gubingxiangxia,yigegebaikai,shaizhibanganhou,gubingchaoshang,gugaichaoxia,zhizhijiuchenggan。ruyuyinyutian,yinggaiyonghuolihonggan。
2、烘烤幹澡。①先將香菇按大、中、小三類分開,分別裝入烘盤,放菇時,菇蓋朝上,菇柄朝下,依次排列。烘烤時,大的放最上層,小的在下層。②燒火時,火力要先低後高,不可過猛。開始燒到30℃,以後每隔3-4小時,升溫5℃。最後維持在60℃,最高不能超過65℃,以後把菇烤熟烤焦。但火力也不能低於55℃,以免烘烤時間過長,導致香菇變黑。③香菇烤成八成幹時,便移出烤房,放在幹燥處,每烤一次需12-18小時。④烘烤灶用柴火、煤火、木炭火均可,但烤房內一定要無煙、無火苗,最好能有散熱鐵板的裝置,並有排氣設備,防止香菇烤熟、烤黑,確保質量。電熱脫水幹燥可參照此法進行。
3、曬烤結合。曬烤結合幹燥香菇,可以減少烘烤的設備和保證香菇的質量,同時也適合於大規模生產和小型栽培者。方法是:qingtianxianjiangxianggushaizhibangan,zaijishizhuanruhuolihongkaozhiquangan。yinyutianshiruhongkaoshebeiyouxian,kexianjiangxiangguzaitongfengganzaodeshaidianshanghuoloubanshangliangganbiaocengshuifen,zaizhuanruhongkao。caiyongshaikaojiehe,keyiliyongjiatingzaoshangren,kaochulaidexianggu,tongyangsezehao,xiangweinong。
無論采用哪種幹燥方法,質量標準都必須達到香味濃,色澤褐而亮,菌褶呈淡黃色不斷裂,含水量13%。
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