二、貯藏窖的準備 選(xuan)擇(ze)避(bi)風(feng)向(xiang)陽(yang),地(di)勢(shi)高(gao)燥(zao),土(tu)質(zhi)堅(jian)實(shi),地(di)下(xia)水(shui)位(wei)低(di),運(yun)輸(shu)管(guan)理(li)方(fang)便(bian),排(pai)水(shui)條(tiao)件(jian)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)地(di)方(fang)建(jian)窖(jiao)。若(ruo)用(yong)舊(jiu)窖(jiao)貯(zhu)藏(zang),必(bi)須(xu)徹(che)底(di)打(da)掃(sao)消(xiao)毒(du),消(xiao)毒(du)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi):用鏟刮去窖內一層表土,然後用生石灰、福爾馬林液、多菌靈液噴灑或硫磺熏蒸消毒。種薯進窖前,須在地麵及四周鋪上一層玉米秸稈,不僅可減少種薯破損,而且可吸收多餘水分。
三、種薯窖的管理 種薯入窖後1~20天tian為wei貯zhu藏zang前qian期qi,由you於yu此ci期qi氣qi溫wen較jiao高gao,種zhong薯shu呼hu吸xi作zuo用yong強qiang,排pai出chu的de水shui分fen多duo,濕shi度du大da,窖jiao溫wen易yi升sheng高gao,應ying注zhu意yi及ji時shi打da開kai門men窗chuang和he通tong氣qi孔kong進jin行xing降jiang溫wen散san濕shi。待dai窖jiao溫wen降jiang至zhi13~15℃時,要立即關閉門窗,調節通氣孔,防窖溫急劇下降。從種薯入窖20天後至第二年2yueshangxunweizhuzangzhongqi,ciqiqiwendi,zhongshuyishoudonghai,yincichuleyaoguanbihaomenchuanghetongqikongwai,haiyaozaimenchuangwaijiafanghanmianlianhuozaizhongshushangjiagaibaoshicaoshan,shijiaoneiwendubaochizai11~13℃之間。2月中旬以後為貯藏後期,此期氣溫、地di溫wen雖sui回hui升sheng快kuai,但dan往wang往wang寒han流liu較jiao多duo,氣qi溫wen不bu穩wen定ding,而er經jing過guo長chang期qi貯zhu藏zang的de種zhong薯shu生sheng理li機ji能neng又you較jiao差cha,尤you其qi對dui低di溫wen較jiao敏min感gan。因yin此ci後hou期qi應ying以yi穩wen定ding窖jiao溫wen為wei主zhu,使shi窖jiao溫wen保bao持chi在zai13~14℃的範圍內。總之,種薯貯藏期內窖溫不能低於9℃,低了種薯易受凍害;不能高於15℃,高了種薯會發芽,並易發生甘薯軟腐病,降低種薯的出窖率。窖內濕度維持在75%~85%之間。貯藏期如發現病爛薯,應及時清理出窖,並在壞爛薯處灑些粉狀殺菌劑或生石灰進行消毒,以防病害蔓延;若病爛薯較多,可輕翻薯堆取出爛薯,切記不可倒窖。
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