在(zai)食(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)的(de)培(pei)育(yu)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),合(he)理(li)補(bu)充(chong)各(ge)種(zhong)營(ying)養(yang),是(shi)提(ti)高(gao)食(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)產(chan)量(liang)的(de)一(yi)條(tiao)有(you)效(xiao)措(cuo)施(shi)。但(dan)是(shi),補(bu)充(chong)不(bu)當(dang)也(ye)會(hui)適(shi)得(de)其(qi)反(fan)。因(yin)此(ci),給(gei)食(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)增(zeng)加(jia)營(ying)養(yang)時(shi)應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)以(yi)下(xia)技(ji)巧(qiao):
一、講究補充方法。給食用菌補充營養的方法有噴灑、灌注和浸泡。最常用的方法為配製一定濃度的營養液,結合補充水分在菌床、菌jun塊kuai上shang噴pen灑sa。在zai幼you蕾lei期qi噴pen灑sa時shi,要yao注zhu意yi將jiang營ying養yang液ye噴pen在zai無wu菇gu處chu或huo小xiao菇gu蕾lei附fu近jin,噴pen後hou用yong清qing水shui淋lin洗xi子zi實shi體ti。噴pen灑sa營ying養yang液ye最zui好hao在zai落luo潮chao時shi進jin行xing。對dui菌jun塊kuai和he椴duan木mu還hai可ke采cai用yong浸jin泡pao法fa補bu充chong,即ji讓rang其qi在zai配pei製zhi好hao的de營ying養yang液ye中zhong吸xi足zu後hou取qu出chu,一yi般ban在zai每mei潮chao菇gu采cai收shou結jie束shu後hou進jin行xing。在zai菌jun床chuang上shang也ye可ke采cai用yong灌guan注zhu法fa補bu充chong,即ji將jiang菌jun床chuang麵mian覆fu土tu扒ba開kai,把ba漏lou鬥dou插cha入ru培pei養yang料liao內nei,灌guan入ru營ying養yang液ye後hou再zai覆fu蓋gai。一yi般ban灌guan液ye穴xue的de距ju離li以yi10厘米左右為宜,每穴灌液約5毫升。
二、應交替補充不同的營養液。如葡萄糖液是碳素營養,尿素是氮素營養,磷酸二氫鉀是磷、jiayingyang,haiyouqitaweiliangyuansuheyoujiyangliaodeng。ruguochangqishiyongqizhongmouyizhongyingyang,hennanshoudaoyuqidexiaoguo。yinci,bixujiaotibuchonggezhongyingyangye,yimanzushiyongjunduibutongyangfendeyaoqiu。zaiguleijunchuangshang,yibanyingxianshiyongzengtianyangfendeyingyangye,ranhouzaishiyonggaoxiaoyingyangji,zheyangcaiyouliyuzishitishengchang。ruguocaiyongjisufacijishiyongjundeshengchang,zeyaozaibuchongyingyangjizhihouzaishiyongjisu。
三、營ying養yang液ye用yong量liang要yao適shi當dang。如ru果guo一yi次ci性xing補bu充chong過guo量liang,會hui使shi培pei養yang料liao過guo濕shi,反fan而er對dui菌jun絲si生sheng長chang極ji為wei不bu利li,因yin此ci,在zai補bu充chong時shi要yao看kan栽zai培pei料liao的de濕shi度du適shi量liang施shi用yong,如ru培pei養yang基ji濕shi度du較jiao高gao,應ying適shi當dang提ti高gao營ying養yang液ye的de濃nong度du,減jian少shao加jia水shui量liang。施shi用yong過guo後hou要yao加jia大da通tong風feng進jin行xing散san濕shi。
四、正確施用有機肥料。製取堆肥汁的原料不得含有雜菌和蟲卵。所用堆肥和糞尿要經過發酵腐熟或燒煮消毒。施用豆漿汁、馬鈴薯等植物浸出液要現配現用,不可久置,以防止酸敗變質。
五、注意環境的影響。一般在氣溫高於20℃時,菇類菌絲難以形成子實體,應停止補液。葡萄糖液、豆漿汁、人糞尿液等均不宜在氣溫高於18℃以上時施用。如果菌床(塊)已感染雜菌,必須先治好後才能補液
手機版




