包裝工具的選擇,總的原則是既保護薯塊不受損傷,裝卸方便,又要符合經濟耐用的要求。適合馬鈴薯運輸包裝的有草袋、麻袋、網袋和紙箱等。
草袋的優點是皮厚、柔軟、耐壓,適合於低溫條件下運輸,而且價格低廉。缺點是使用次數少,一般使用2~3次(ci)就(jiu)會(hui)破(po)爛(lan)變(bian)廢(fei)。麻(ma)袋(dai)的(de)優(you)點(dian)是(shi)堅(jian)固(gu)耐(nai)用(yong),裝(zhuang)卸(xie)方(fang)便(bian),使(shi)用(yong)率(lv)較(jiao)草(cao)袋(dai)高(gao),裝(zhuang)容(rong)量(liang)大(da),可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)多(duo)次(ci)。缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)皮(pi)薄(bo)質(zhi)軟(ruan),抗(kang)機(ji)械(xie)損(sun)傷(shang)能(neng)力(li)差(cha),價(jia)格(ge)較(jiao)草(cao)袋(dai)高(gao)。但(dan)可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)不(bu)能(neng)裝(zhuang)糧(liang)食(shi)的(de)補(bu)修(xiu)麻(ma)袋(dai)包(bao)裝(zhuang)薯(shu)塊(kuai),樣(yang)還(hai)是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)經(jing)濟(ji)實(shi)用(yong)的(de);sidaideyoudianshijiangunaiyong,zhuangxiefangbian。quedianshitouqixingcha。wangdaideyoudianshitouqixinghao,nengqingchukandaozhongshudezhuangtai,qiejiagedilian。quedianshitaibotaitou,yizaochengzhongshusunshang。
二、運輸時期的選擇
malingshubenshenhanyoudaliangshuifen,duiwaijietiaojianfanyingmingan,lenglerongyishoudong,relerongyifaya,ganzaorongyiruansuo,chaoshirongyifulan,poshangrongyiganranbinghaideng。shukuaizuzhiyounen,rongyiyashangheposui,zhejiuyunshudailailehendadekunnan。yinci,anpaishiyideyunshushijian,caiyonghelideyunshugongjuhezhuangxiefangfa,xuanzeheshidebaozhuangcailiao,shizuohaoyunshugongzuodexianjuetiaojian。genjumalingshudeshenglijieduanjiqiduiwendudeshiyingfanwei,yibankehuafensangeyunshushiqi,jianquanyunshuqi、次安全運輸期和非安全運輸期。
安全運輸期,是自馬鈴薯收獲之時起,至氣溫在0℃左右,這段時間馬鈴薯正處於休眠狀態,運輸最為安全,在此期間應抓緊時機突擊運輸。
次安全運輸期,是自氣溫從0℃回升到10℃左右的一段時間。這時隨著氣溫的上升,塊莖已度過休眠期,溫度達5℃yishang,youyajikaishimengdong,changjulideyunshu,kuaijingjiuhuichangchuyouya,xiaohaoyangfen,yingxiangshiyongpinzhihezhongyongjiazhi,guyingcaiyongkuaisuyunshugongju,jinliangsuoduanyunshushijian。
非安全運輸期,是自氣溫下降到0℃以yi下xia的de整zheng個ge時shi期qi。為wei了le防fang止zhi薯shu塊kuai受shou凍dong,在zai此ci期qi間jian最zui好hao不bu運yun輸shu,如ru因yin特te殊shu情qing況kuang需xu要yao運yun輸shu時shi,必bi須xu包bao裝zhuang好hao,加jia蓋gai防fang寒han設she備bei,嚴yan禁jin早zao晚wan及ji長chang途tu運yun輸shu。
此ci外wai,長chang距ju離li運yun輸shu,不bu僅jin要yao考kao慮lv產chan區qu的de氣qi溫wen,而er且qie要yao了le解jie運yun達da目mu的de地di的de溫wen度du。一yi般ban地di講jiang,由you北bei往wang南nan運yun時shi,冬dong季ji應ying以yi產chan區qu的de氣qi溫wen而er定ding,春chun季ji應ying以yi運yun達da目mu的de地di的de氣qi候hou而er定ding;由南往北運時則相反,這樣既可防止薯塊受凍,又能避免薯塊長芽。
三、運輸馬鈴薯四忌
一yi忌ji強qiang光guang。運yun輸shu馬ma鈴ling薯shu時shi要yao保bao持chi環huan境jing陰yin暗an,強qiang烈lie的de光guang照zhao時shi間jian一yi長chang就jiu會hui使shi馬ma鈴ling薯shu變bian為wei綠lv紫zi色se。二er忌ji濕shi。運yun輸shu環huan境jing不bu能neng潮chao濕shi,潮chao濕shi不bu僅jin容rong易yi使shi馬ma鈴ling薯shu腐fu爛lan,而er且qie還hai使shi馬ma鈴ling薯shu很hen快kuai變bian為wei“母薯”,使(shi)澱(dian)粉(fen)含(han)量(liang)大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao),食(shi)用(yong)價(jia)值(zhi)低(di)。三(san)忌(ji)混(hun)。在(zai)運(yun)輸(shu)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)時(shi),要(yao)分(fen)品(pin)種(zhong)分(fen)別(bie)貯(zhu)藏(zang)。因(yin)為(wei)不(bu)同(tong)品(pin)種(zhong)含(han)水(shui)分(fen)高(gao)低(di)不(bu)一(yi)樣(yang),堆(dui)積(ji)厚(hou)度(du)也(ye)就(jiu)不(bu)一(yi)樣(yang),商(shang)品(pin)價(jia)值(zhi)也(ye)各(ge)有(you)不(bu)同(tong),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)作(zuo)種(zhong)子(zi)用(yong)的(de),貯(zhu)藏(zang)時(shi)要(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)把(ba)關(guan),不(bu)能(neng)混(hun)雜(za)。
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