大白菜的入窖時間應嚴格掌握,入窖過早,窖溫過高,易發生腐爛、脫幫現象;入窖過遲,使產品在窖外受凍,尤其凍菜入窖,細胞內水分外滲,損失非常嚴重。對臨時堆藏、受凍輕微、菜幫僵硬、尚未達到半透明程度的大白菜,要千方百計使其達到1℃zuoyou。baitianshaojialiangshai,wanjianzhongxinmaqi,fuyipuxi,jingguojitianguanli,shiqizhujianhuanmandijiedong,xibaojianxizhibingjingronghuahouzhongxinshenruxibao,dengjiedonghou,caikerujiaozhuzang。
貯藏管理
大白菜的貯藏管理以放風和倒菜為主。放風是為了引入外界冷涼的幹燥空氣,排出窖內的濕熱空氣,借此保持窖內適宜的溫、濕度。倒菜是通過變換菜棵放置的位置,排除菜垛內的濕熱空氣,並摘除爛葉,清理菜體。在管理上要隨季節的變遷而有所不同。
小雪至大雪期間
這一階段的管理是碼菜、放風、daocai。dabaicairujiaohourengranjinxingzhexinchendaixie,juebunenghunduiyiqi,yaoyoucixudiyiyimaqi,macaifangfakegenjubutongdejiaozangfangfalaiqueding。cijieduanwaijiepingjunwenduchangzai4℃左右,此期間是大白菜貯藏中的"濕熱關".為此,要求放風量大、時間長,以使窖溫盡快下降並維持在0℃左右,相對濕度保持在85%-95%.由於貯藏初期溫、濕度較高,大白菜很容易產生脫幫、腐爛現象。這一階段要加強倒菜,入窖後要連倒3次窖,每次倒窖間隔3天,以後每5-6tiandaoyici。zaidaocaidetongshifaxianfulandewaiyeyinglijizhaichu,duibunaizhuzangzhicai,tiaochuxiaoshou,zheyangshangxiacengcaideweizhijingguodaohuan,wendujunyun,cainengbaozhengxiayijieduandeanquanzhuzang。
大雪起到立春止
這是全年最寒冷的時期,這一階段外界平均氣溫都在0℃以下,經常在-10℃以下,甚至達-17-18℃,這一時期,腐爛、脫tuo幫bang的de現xian象xiang已yi降jiang至zhi次ci要yao地di位wei,防fang凍dong成cheng為wei主zhu要yao問wen題ti。此ci階jie段duan的de管guan理li措cuo施shi是shi調tiao節jie窖jiao內nei的de溫wen度du與yu濕shi度du,防fang止zhi外wai界jie低di溫wen的de侵qin襲xi。由you於yu窖jiao溫wen較jiao低di,腐fu爛lan程cheng度du較jiao輕qing微wei,所suo以yi倒dao菜cai次ci數shu減jian少shao間jian隔ge10多天翻倒一次即可。要集中力量管好天窗,由於外界晝夜溫差較大,風向、風力各異,要加強對天窗的管理,穩定窖內溫度,通過對覆蓋物開閉時間的早晚、通風口麵積的大小、通風時間的長短等來調節,來保持適合於白菜休眠的窖溫。尤其在外溫低、有(you)狂(kuang)風(feng)的(de)時(shi)候(hou),更(geng)不(bu)能(neng)把(ba)通(tong)風(feng)口(kou)敞(chang)得(de)太(tai)大(da),通(tong)風(feng)口(kou)打(da)開(kai)時(shi)要(yao)分(fen)次(ci)逐(zhu)漸(jian)放(fang)大(da),使(shi)外(wai)界(jie)冷(leng)空(kong)氣(qi)徐(xu)徐(xu)流(liu)入(ru),然(ran)後(hou)經(jing)窗(chuang)口(kou)慢(man)慢(man)擴(kuo)散(san)到(dao)窖(jiao)內(nei)各(ge)個(ge)角(jiao)落(luo),冷(leng)暖(nuan)空(kong)氣(qi)實(shi)現(xian)緩(huan)慢(man)對(dui)流(liu),窖(jiao)溫(wen)漸(jian)漸(jian)下(xia)降(jiang)。隻(zhi)要(yao)防(fang)止(zhi)外(wai)界(jie)冷(leng)空(kong)氣(qi)驟(zhou)然(ran)侵(qin)襲(xi)到(dao)菜(cai)上(shang),就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)不(bu)至(zhi)受(shou)凍(dong)。
從立春至三四月份
zheshizhuzangdehouqi,zhuzangguanlicuoshizhuyaoshitongfenghuanqi。lichunhouwaimianwenduzhujianshangsheng,jinkaotianchuangtongfeng,yinanjiangdijiaowen,yingzhujiandatongqiangbishangdeqikong,shitianchuangyuqikongdekongqijinxingduiliu,tongshijianggaizaitianchuangshangdecaoshanjiekaijiaochangshijian,yanchangfangfengshijian。sanyuehouwaimianwendujixushenggao,kaichuangbudanbunengshijiaowenxiajiang,fanerhuishiwaijiegaowenchengjiqinru,zaochengfangfengyubaochihengwendemaodun,weicixuyaogaihuanfangfengshijian,baitianjiangtianchuangyongcaoshanyanmifengbi,fangzhiguangxianshejinhegaowenqinru,yejianwaiwenxiajianghou,zaikaichuangfangfeng。
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