常見的黴菌有綠色木黴、青黴、毛黴、曲黴和鏈孢黴。草菇的整個栽培過程都會發生黴菌危害,後期比前期多。其防治措施如下:
一是木黴在4℃~42℃都dou能neng生sheng長chang,孢bao子zi萌meng發fa喜xi高gao濕shi環huan境jing,侵qin害hai草cao菇gu培pei養yang基ji時shi,初chu期qi白bai色se棉mian絮xu狀zhuang,後hou期qi變bian為wei綠lv色se,菌jun種zhong如ru果guo被bei木mu黴mei危wei害hai,必bi須xu報bao廢fei,即ji使shi輕qing度du感gan病bing的de菌jun種zhong也ye應ying棄qi之zhi不bu用yong。對dui木mu黴mei至zhi今jin沒mei有you理li想xiang的de根gen治zhi性xing藥yao物wu,常chang用yong的de殺sha菌jun藥yao對dui木mu黴mei隻zhi是shi抑yi製zhi,而er不bu是shi殺sha死si,加jia大da藥yao量liang,隻zhi能neng同tong時shi殺sha死si木mu黴mei和he草cao菇gu菌jun絲si。因yin此ci,創chuang造zao適shi合he草cao菇gu菌jun絲si生sheng長chang而er不bu利li於yu木mu黴mei繁fan殖zhi的de生sheng態tai環huan境jing,是shi控kong製zhi危wei害hai的de根gen本ben措cuo施shi。一yi旦dan發fa生sheng木mu黴mei危wei害hai,要yao立li即ji通tong風feng降jiang溫wen,以yi抑yi製zhi木mu黴mei的de擴kuo展zhan,處chu於yu發fa菌jun階jie段duan的de培pei養yang料liao感gan病bing以yi後hou,可ke采cai用yong注zhu射she藥yao液ye的de方fang法fa抑yi製zhi木mu黴mei擴kuo張zhang。常chang用yong藥yao液ye:5%的石碳酸、2%的甲醛、50%多菌靈200倍液、75%甲基托布津、pH值為10的石灰水。此外,往汙染處撒白灰麵,防治效果也很好。
二是鏈孢黴生長初期呈絨毛狀,白色或灰色,生長後期呈粉紅色、huangse。daliangfenshengbaoziduijichengtuanshi,waiguanyuhoutoujunzishitixiangsi,lianbaomeizhuyaoyifenshengbaozichuanboweihai,shigaowenjijiezuiyifashengdezajun。lianbaomeijunsiwanqiangyouli,youkuaisufanzhidetexing,yidandafasheng,bianshimiedingzhizai,qihouguoshijunzhong、peiyangdaihuopeiyangkuaichengpibaofei。lianbaomeideyaowufangzhikecanzhaomumeidefangzhi。jundaishengchanshi,ruguofaxianlianbaomei,zaifenshengbaozituanshangdishangchaiyou,kefangzhilianbaomeidekuosan。jundaifajunhouqishouhai,yibanbuyaoqingyibaofei,kejiangshouhaijundaimairushen30~40厘米透氣性差的土壤中,經10~20天缺氧處理,可有效減輕病害,菌袋仍可出菇。
三是毛黴,又叫黑黴、長毛黴。菌絲初期白色,後灰白色至黑色,說明孢子囊大量成熟,該菌在土壤、糞便、禾草及空氣中到處存在。在溫度較高、濕度大、tongfengbuliangdetiaojianxiafashenglvgao。fashengdezhuyaoyuanyinshijizhizhongshiyonglemeibiandeyuanliao,jiezhonghuanjinghanmaomeibaoziduo,zaimenshihuanjingzhongjinxingjunsipeiyangdeng。fangzhifangfatongmumei。
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