8月yue中zhong旬xun,是shi花hua椒jiao成cheng熟shu收shou獲huo的de季ji節jie,也ye是shi一yi年nian中zhong管guan理li的de關guan鍵jian季ji節jie。花hua椒jiao采cai收shou後hou,營ying養yang的de支zhi付fu轉zhuan向xiang補bu充chong樹shu體ti的de消xiao耗hao,並bing開kai始shi貯zhu備bei和he用yong於yu枝zhi條tiao生sheng長chang。隻zhi有you在zai這zhe一yi時shi期qi加jia強qiang管guan理li,才cai能neng促cu使shi枝zhi條tiao健jian壯zhuang生sheng長chang,樹shu體ti營ying養yang物wu質zhi更geng多duo的de積ji累lei和he貯zhu存cun,為wei翌yi年nian增zeng產chan奠dian定ding堅jian實shi的de基ji礎chu。
保護葉片 花(hua)椒(jiao)采(cai)收(shou)後(hou)的(de)第(di)一(yi)任(ren)務(wu)是(shi)保(bao)護(hu)好(hao)葉(ye)片(pian),因(yin)為(wei)這(zhe)一(yi)時(shi)期(qi)葉(ye)片(pian)製(zhi)造(zao)的(de)養(yang)分(fen)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)樹(shu)體(ti)營(ying)養(yang)積(ji)累(lei)。必(bi)須(xu)使(shi)花(hua)椒(jiao)在(zai)采(cai)收(shou)後(hou)到(dao)落(luo)葉(ye)前(qian)一(yi)直(zhi)保(bao)持(chi)葉(ye)片(pian)完(wan)整(zheng)濃(nong)綠(lv),製(zhi)造(zao)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)養(yang)分(fen)。所(suo)以(yi),采(cai)椒(jiao)後(hou)要(yao)立(li)即(ji)對(dui)樹(shu)體(ti)噴(pen)施(shi)一(yi)次(ci)0.3%磷酸二氫鉀+0.5%尿素+800倍甲基托布津混合溶液。
早施基肥 據試驗,8月中旬花椒采收後施用基肥比11月中旬施用基肥的增產9.1%。所以,花椒采收後立即施用基肥,此時地溫、氣(qi)溫(wen)較(jiao)高(gao),施(shi)肥(fei)後(hou)養(yang)分(fen)分(fen)解(jie)快(kuai),根(gen)係(xi)吸(xi)收(shou)較(jiao)快(kuai),能(neng)顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)葉(ye)片(pian)光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong),對(dui)恢(hui)複(fu)樹(shu)勢(shi)極(ji)為(wei)有(you)利(li)。同(tong)時(shi)正(zheng)值(zhi)花(hua)椒(jiao)根(gen)係(xi)第(di)三(san)次(ci)生(sheng)長(chang)高(gao)峰(feng)期(qi),傷(shang)根(gen)容(rong)易(yi)愈(yu)合(he),並(bing)能(neng)刺(ci)激(ji)新(xin)根(gen)發(fa)出(chu)。地(di)上(shang)部(bu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)趨(qu)於(yu)停(ting)止(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang),根(gen)係(xi)吸(xi)收(shou)的(de)營(ying)養(yang)物(wu)質(zhi)不(bu)斷(duan)積(ji)累(lei)、貯存,樹體營養水平不斷提高,有利於翌年萌芽、開花、坐果。施肥量應根據樹齡、樹勢、地力而定,一般結果盛期的椒樹,每株施用腐熟的有機肥30-50千克,配施0.3-0.5千克複合肥。施肥方法可采用環狀溝或放射溝施肥法,溝深以30厘米為宜。施肥後應立即澆水,效果更好。
控製旺長 由(you)於(yu)今(jin)年(nian)春(chun)節(jie)遭(zao)受(shou)嚴(yan)重(zhong)凍(dong)害(hai),結(jie)椒(jiao)較(jiao)少(shao),樹(shu)體(ti)一(yi)般(ban)偏(pian)旺(wang),發(fa)出(chu)的(de)新(xin)枝(zhi)條(tiao)較(jiao)多(duo),而(er)且(qie)木(mu)質(zhi)化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)較(jiao)差(cha),對(dui)樹(shu)體(ti)安(an)全(quan)越(yue)冬(dong)極(ji)為(wei)不(bu)利(li)。一(yi)要(yao)在(zai)花(hua)椒(jiao)采(cai)收(shou)後(hou),對(dui)大(da)樹(shu)旺(wang)枝(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)強(qiang)拉(la)枝(zhi)、重拉枝,緩和樹勢,控製旺長。二要在花椒采收後向樹體噴施兩次多效唑,兩次間隔10天左右,控製旺長,確保花椒樹安全越冬。
培土壅根 花椒多栽植於溝坡或墊邊,受雨水的衝刷,部分根係外露,抑製新根萌生和吸收功能,抗凍、抗(kang)旱(han)性(xing)能(neng)降(jiang)低(di)。因(yin)此(ci),花(hua)椒(jiao)采(cai)收(shou)後(hou)要(yao)立(li)即(ji)進(jin)行(xing)培(pei)土(tu)壅(yong)根(gen),將(jiang)外(wai)露(lu)的(de)根(gen)係(xi)埋(mai)住(zhu),以(yi)利(li)根(gen)係(xi)向(xiang)縱(zong)深(shen)發(fa)展(zhan),提(ti)高(gao)抗(kang)旱(han)耐(nai)凍(dong)能(neng)力(li),增(zeng)強(qiang)吸(xi)收(shou)功(gong)能(neng)。
及早清園 采椒後,一要及時剪除枯枝、病bing蟲chong枝zhi,清qing除chu椒jiao園yuan的de落luo葉ye,帶dai出chu園yuan外wai集ji中zhong燒shao毀hui,減jian少shao越yue冬dong病bing蟲chong源yuan。二er要yao清qing除chu園yuan內nei及ji四si周zhou雜za草cao,減jian少shao養yang分fen消xiao耗hao,破po壞huai病bing蟲chong害hai越yue冬dong場chang所suo。三san要yao噴pen藥yao防fang病bing蟲chong,采cai椒jiao後hou要yao盡jin快kuai、詳細噴施一次殺蟲、殺菌劑,以減輕來年病蟲害的危害。
手機版




