河北省蔬菜學會秘書針對下雪這種災害性天氣,談一些日光溫室的管理意見,供菜農朋友們參考。
一、預防措施:在(zai)日(ri)光(guang)溫(wen)室(shi)的(de)采(cai)光(guang)保(bao)溫(wen)條(tiao)件(jian)都(dou)達(da)到(dao)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)下(xia),要(yao)想(xiang)使(shi)喜(xi)性(xing)蔬(shu)菜(cai)在(zai)連(lian)陰(yin)雪(xue)天(tian)不(bu)受(shou)危(wei)害(hai),被(bei)動(dong)的(de)管(guan)理(li)是(shi)不(bu)會(hui)取(qu)得(de)好(hao)效(xiao)果(guo)的(de),所(suo)以(yi)應(ying)該(gai)未(wei)雨(yu)綢(chou)繆(mou),在(zai)前(qian)期(qi)采(cai)取(qu)預(yu)防(fang)性(xing)管(guan)理(li)措(cuo)施(shi):
1、選擇耐低溫弱光的品種,例如:黃瓜選用津春三號、番茄選用中雜九號、西胡蘆選用美玉、甜椒選用冀研六號、茄子選用茄雜八號等。2、cuiyaqijiandiwenchuli。zaizhongzijinzhongcuiyaqijian,genjubutongshucaizaizhongzimengdonghousuonengchengshoudezuidiwendu,jinxingdiwenchuli,keyidadatigaoshucaizaishendongjijiedekanghannengli。3、jiajiehuangen。lianxujigeyinxuetianjiebukaicaoshan,bujianyangguang,wenshireliangdebudaobuchong,turangxuredaliangsanshiyihou,diwenjiangdidaoshucaideshiyingwenduyixia,genxishoudaosunshang,daozhibinghaifasheng。tongguohuangen,keyidadatigaogenxidekanghannengli,bimianzaihaitianqideweihai。xianzaihuanggua、茄子、番茄、西胡蘆都可以進行嫁接。4、增施有機肥,可以土壤的熱容量,緩衝連陰天熱量散失帶來的降溫,還可以促使根係達提高耐寒能力。5、合he理li運yun用yong水shui。日ri光guang溫wen室shi深shen冬dong進jin行xing喜xi溫wen性xing蔬shu菜cai生sheng產chan,冬dong前qian適shi度du控kong水shui,降jiang低di室shi內nei空kong氣qi相xiang對dui濕shi度du非fei常chang重zhong要yao,同tong時shi製zhi造zao一yi個ge底di墒shang足zu,表biao土tu幹gan的de環huan境jing條tiao件jian。如ru果guo需xu要yao澆jiao水shui,必bi須xu是shi膜mo下xia暗an灌guan,並bing且qie要yao在zai晴qing天tian的de上shang午wu澆jiao水shui。
二、過程中管理:1、堅jian持chi連lian陰yin雪xue天tian揭jie蓋gai草cao苫shan。連lian陰yin天tian不bu下xia大da雪xue時shi,都dou要yao揭jie蓋gai草cao苫shan,爭zheng取qu寶bao貴gui的de散san射she光guang,因yin為wei在zai蔬shu菜cai的de光guang補bu償chang點dian以yi上shang的de光guang照zhao,都dou能neng進jin行xing光guang合he作zuo用yong。具ju體ti管guan理li,隻zhi是shi比bi晴qing天tian晚wan揭jie早zao蓋gai一yi個ge小xiao時shi。大da雪xue天tian揭jie不bu開kai草cao苫shan,要yao塑su料liao薄bo膜mo蓋gai住zhu草cao苫shan,防fang止zhi草cao苫shan浸jin水shui,失shi去qu保bao溫wen性xing。2、wendukandiguanli。zailianyintiandeqingkuangxia,shucaizuowudeguanghezuoyonghenruo,hechengdeguanghechanwuhenshao,weijianshaohuxixiaohao,bixujiangdiwendu。yejianyibanbiqingtianyaodi2-3℃,以黃瓜為例,一般天氣要求夜間不低於8℃,連陰雪天夜間不低於5℃就可以了,短時間的3℃以上也不會出現凍害。3、中zhong午wu放fang風feng換huan氣qi。在zai連lian陰yin雪xue天tian的de情qing況kuang下xia,因yin為wei呼hu吸xi消xiao耗hao大da於yu光guang合he作zuo用yong,溫wen室shi內nei會hui積ji累lei大da量liang的de,以yi二er氧yang化hua碳tan為wei主zhu的de有you害hai氣qi體ti,因yin此ci在zai連lian陰yin天tian三san天tian以yi上shang,中zhong午wu要yao放fang頂ding風feng1-2個小時,視天氣情況而定。
三、晴天後管理:在zai持chi續xu陰yin雪xue天tian多duo日ri,一yi旦dan暴bao晴qing,揭jie開kai草cao苫shan後hou,室shi溫wen溫wen度du很hen快kuai升sheng高gao,蔬shu菜cai葉ye片pian蒸zheng騰teng量liang突tu然ran增zeng大da,而er地di溫wen低di,根gen係xi活huo動dong能neng力li還hai很hen弱ruo,蒸zheng騰teng水shui分fen得de不bu到dao補bu充chong,葉ye片pian很hen快kuai就jiu會hui出chu現xian萎wei蔫nian,如ru不bu及ji時shi采cai取qu措cuo施shi,則ze會hui由you暫zan時shi萎wei蔫nian進jin一yi步bu發fa展zhan到dao永yong久jiu萎wei蔫nian,最zui終zhong枯ku死si。所suo以yi連lian陰yin雪xue天tian後hou暴bao晴qing必bi須xu注zhu意yi觀guan察cha,發fa現xian萎wei蔫nian,立li即ji放fang下xia草cao苫shan,恢hui複fu後hou再zai揭jie開kai,經jing過guo幾ji次ci反fan複fu,不bu再zai萎wei蔫nian後hou再zai全quan部bu揭jie開kai草cao苫shan。第di二er天tian還hai要yao注zhu意yi觀guan察cha,如ru有you萎wei蔫nian還hai應ying進jin行xing回hui苫shan。一yi般ban三san天tian以yi後hou才cai能neng真zhen正zheng放fang心xin。
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