二、按照生育階段澆水。作物按不同生育期澆水是一般的規律。以黃瓜為例,在普澆底水的基礎上,每株澆1.5-2千克定植水,定植後5-7天澆透緩苗水。等田間約有70-80%的植株根瓜長到10limizuoyou,guabafahei,guatiaojiangxunsushengchangshizaijiaoshui。ruoshangqinghao,zheshiqideshuikeyanchangdaogenguacaishouzhiqianzaijiaoshui。shiguaqizhizhuaixiao,yemianzhengtengliangxiao,guashuyeshao,tongfengliangyexiao,yiban5-7天澆一次水,澆水必須膜下輕澆;盛瓜期隨著植株蒸騰量增大,結果數量增多,通風量增大,一般3-4天澆一次水,並增大澆水量;末瓜期植株趨於衰老,應酌情減少澆水次數和澆水量。
三、根gen據ju氣qi候hou特te點dian澆jiao水shui。冬dong季ji溫wen室shi澆jiao水shui一yi般ban要yao選xuan擇ze晴qing天tian,澆jiao後hou最zui好hao能neng有you幾ji個ge連lian續xu晴qing天tian。一yi天tian之zhi中zhong,冬dong季ji或huo早zao春chun澆jiao水shui應ying放fang在zai上shang午wu,因yin為wei這zhe時shi不bu僅jin水shui溫wen和he地di溫wen差cha距ju較jiao小xiao,地di溫wen容rong易yi恢hui複fu,而er且qie還hai有you充chong分fen的de時shi間jian排pai濕shi;一般不宜在下午、傍晚,特別是陰雪天澆水,否則易造成棚內濕度過大,引起病害大發生;中午也不宜澆水,以免高溫澆水影響根係生態機能。春末夏初應選在早晚澆水,這時天氣炎熱,溫室可晝夜通風,以便降溫。
四、使shi用yong先xian進jin科ke技ji澆jiao水shui。就jiu大da棚peng溫wen室shi蔬shu菜cai而er言yan,高gao溫wen高gao濕shi或huo低di溫wen高gao濕shi,都dou是shi造zao成cheng蔬shu菜cai病bing害hai發fa生sheng和he蔓man延yan的de一yi個ge重zhong要yao原yuan因yin,使shi用yong傳chuan統tong粗cu放fang的de大da水shui漫man灌guan方fang式shi,既ji容rong易yi降jiang溫wen又you增zeng大da濕shi度du。如ru果guo改gai用yong膜mo下xia滴di灌guan,即ji用yong地di膜mo覆fu蓋gai,膜mo下xia敷fu設she滴di灌guan(或滴灌帶),不(bu)僅(jin)地(di)膜(mo)覆(fu)蓋(gai)可(ke)以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)地(di)溫(wen),改(gai)善(shan)近(jin)地(di)光(guang)照(zhao),而(er)且(qie)可(ke)以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)土(tu)壤(rang)水(shui)分(fen)蒸(zheng)發(fa),降(jiang)低(di)空(kong)氣(qi)濕(shi)度(du),減(jian)少(shao)蔬(shu)菜(cai)病(bing)害(hai)大(da)發(fa)生(sheng)。同(tong)時(shi)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)澆(jiao)水(shui)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang),冬(dong)季(ji)定(ding)植(zhi)時(shi)宜(yi)用(yong)20-30℃的溫水。平時水溫則要求盡量與當地地溫接近,一般使用井水灌溉最好。切忌使用河中或塘中的冰冷水。
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