1.主芽萌發能力強
冬dong棗zao冬dong剪jian時shi,隻zhi對dui棗zao頭tou主zhu枝zhi短duan截jie,剪jian口kou下xia二er次ci枝zhi基ji部bu的de主zhu芽ya也ye能neng發fa出chu新xin棗zao頭tou。因yin此ci,冬dong棗zao冬dong剪jian時shi,除chu一yi些xie下xia垂chui和he特te別bie平ping斜xie的de枝zhi外wai,一yi般ban隻zhi對dui棗zao頭tou主zhu枝zhi短duan截jie,即ji可ke達da到dao擴kuo大da樹shu冠guan早zao果guo豐feng產chan的de目mu的de;tongshi,zaogudedingchenzhuyazaizhengchangshengchangdeqingkuangxia,duoshunengchoushengchuzaotou,zheyouliyutianbushutikongjian,zengjiajieguomianji。danyouyushengchangzhili,duoshuhuituchang,xiaohaodaliangshutiyangfen,buliyuzuoguo。yinci,xiajianshiyingduizhexiezaotoujinxingkongzhi,youshengchangkongjiandezaotouliu2~3個二次枝短截,沒有生長空間的隻留基部棗吊進行重摘心。
2.二次枝易極性生長
對新生棗頭留幾個二次枝摘心後,剪口下的第一個二次枝往往會極性生長(斜向上直立塵長),使得摘心後的棗頭枝仍生長旺盛,停止生長晚。這樣往往達不到抑製營養生長、cujinzuoguodemude。yinci,xiajianshi,chuyoushuzhucezhiyanchangtouwai,yibanjieguoshuduizaotouzhaixinshiyingshaoliuhuobuliuercizhi,jinxingzhongzhaixin,qiezhaixinhouliuxiadeercizhiyeyingshishizhaixin,kongzhiqiyanchangshengchang。
3.棗吊停止生長晚
冬棗棗吊有二次生長的習性,棗吊的第二次旺長在6月中下旬,易與冬棗的開花坐果產生營養競爭,一般對坐果不利,宜進行摘心。但天津地區,冬棗盛花期在6月上旬,此時氣溫高、幹gan熱re風feng多duo,對dui坐zuo果guo不bu利li,在zai冬dong棗zao上shang盤pan花hua坐zuo果guo少shao,或huo坐zuo果guo後hou果guo實shi生sheng長chang緩huan慢man的de情qing況kuang下xia,棗zao吊diao加jia長chang生sheng長chang快kuai。棗zao吊diao末mo端duan的de新xin生sheng花hua坐zuo果guo時shi,氣qi溫wen高gao,但dan雨yu水shui較jiao多duo,溫wen濕shi度du利li於yu冬dong棗zao坐zuo住zhu果guo。因yin此ci,棗zao吊diao的de二er次ci生sheng長chang能neng彌mi補bu冬dong棗zao上shang盤pan花hua坐zuo果guo少shao的de不bu足zu,有you利li於yu冬dong棗zao的de豐feng產chan穩wen產chan。在zai管guan理li上shang,可ke對dui冬dong棗zao二er次ci生sheng長chang的de棗zao吊diao不bu摘zhai心xin或huo晚wan摘zhai心xin。
4.早花早果性強,自然坐果率底
當(dang)年(nian)嫁(jia)接(jie)的(de)冬(dong)棗(zao)樹(shu)往(wang)往(wang)結(jie)果(guo)滿(man)枝(zhi),其(qi)早(zao)花(hua)早(zao)果(guo)性(xing)強(qiang)。但(dan)冬(dong)棗(zao)的(de)花(hua)量(liang)較(jiao)大(da),其(qi)自(zi)然(ran)坐(zuo)果(guo)率(lv)低(di),為(wei)促(cu)進(jin)坐(zuo)果(guo)應(ying)在(zai)花(hua)期(qi)對(dui)其(qi)進(jin)行(xing)開(kai)甲(jia)。在(zai)同(tong)樣(yang)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),冬(dong)棗(zao)開(kai)甲(jia)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)應(ying)較(jiao)小(xiao)棗(zao)晚(wan)2~3天。由於冬棗生長旺盛,開甲後甲口愈合速度快,因此,甲口應較金絲小棗樹稍寬1~2毫米,且開甲後7~8天,還應沿上次甲口環切1次,深達木質部,切口寬1~2毫米,保證甲口能完全愈合,又可以延長愈合時間,使愈合時間在30天左右。愈合的過早,坐不住果,愈合的過晚,往往年產量高,但後兩年不坐果。
5.樹體生長量大,棗花夜間開放
冬棗易被綠盲蝽象危害。由於冬棗的年生長量大,棗頭、二次枝、棗(zao)吊(diao)停(ting)止(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)晚(wan),可(ke)為(wei)綠(lv)盲(mang)蝽(chun)象(xiang)的(de)為(wei)害(hai)提(ti)供(gong)充(chong)足(zu)的(de)食(shi)源(yuan)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)在(zai)開(kai)花(hua)前(qian)防(fang)治(zhi)不(bu)利(li)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),綠(lv)盲(mang)蝽(chun)象(xiang)花(hua)期(qi)食(shi)害(hai)花(hua)蕾(lei),使(shi)花(hua)蕾(lei)停(ting)止(zhi)發(fa)育(yu),提(ti)早(zao)枯(ku)落(luo),往(wang)往(wang)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)絕(jue)收(shou)。因(yin)為(wei)冬(dong)棗(zao)的(de)花(hua)在(zai)夜(ye)間(jian)開(kai)放(fang),綠(lv)盲(mang)蝽(chun)象(xiang)在(zai)花(hua)期(qi)高(gao)溫(wen)天(tian)氣(qi)下(xia),白(bai)天(tian)不(bu)活(huo)動(dong),夜(ye)間(jian)大(da)量(liang)食(shi)害(hai)棗(zao)花(hua),使(shi)棗(zao)花(hua)不(bu)能(neng)坐(zuo)果(guo)。因(yin)此(ci),在(zai)冬(dong)棗(zao)的(de)管(guan)理(li)上(shang),花(hua)前(qian)控(kong)製(zhi)住(zhu)綠(lv)盲(mang)蝽(chun)象(xiang)的(de)為(wei)害(hai),是(shi)冬(dong)棗(zao)豐(feng)產(chan)穩(wen)產(chan)的(de)保(bao)證(zheng)。
手機版




