1、泡豆
paodoushidoufujiagongshengchandediyigehuanjie,mudeshiliyonghuangdouzaishuifenzuoyongxiapengzhangdeyuanli,chouquhejiangjiedanbaizhi,weidoufujiagongshengchanzuohaojichuzhunbeigongzuo。zaipaodouhuanjiezhongzuiweiguanjiandesangetiaojianshishuiliang、水溫和時間,這三個因素彼此相互影響。適量的用水會提高泡豆的效率,豆腐加工生產中大豆吸水率以5:6的比例為主,工業化生產一般以50kg大豆添加100kg水為宜,這樣,既有利於黃豆的初步膨脹,也有利於蛋白質的降解,為豆腐加工生產打下堅實基礎。
shuiwenzhijiejuedingzhehuangdouzhongzineishuijiemeidehuoxingheshuliang,wenduguodishuijiemeidehuoxingbuzu,yanchangpaodoudeshijian,shengchanjiagongdedoufuhuichuxianshulianghezhiliangdexiajiang。yaocaiyongwendukongzhidefangshi,bimianchangshijiandiwenjinpaodaozhidehuangdoubushiyingshangmowenti,weidoufujiagongshengchantigongxiaolvshangdebaozheng。ciwai,shijianyeshipaodouguochengzhongbukehushidezhongyaoyihuan,yaogenjujijiedebianhuahewendudebodongxuanzeshiyidepaodoushijian,zaidongji,yaoquebao11±1h;在春秋兩季要確保8±1h;在夏季要確保7±1h。當然,泡豆的時間需要結合水分的大小、黃豆的品質、氣溫的變化加以適當調整,這樣,才能確保泡豆的質量。
2、磨製
dangqian,gongyehuadedoufujiagongshengchanzhong,mozhihuanjieyibancaiyongshalunmozhihuodaojumozhiliangzhongfangshi,doushiliyongzhuandongdejixieliliangshihuangdoujingguoshalunhuodaoju,yicixingchengduihuangdoudepohuai,zaibuduanjiazhushuifendeqiantixia,xingchengjuyouyidingnianchoududechoumo。tongguofensuihuangdoudeneibujiegou,danbaizhi、礦物質溶解於水,方便蛋白質和其他有機質的提取。
zaimozhihuanjiezhongzuiweiguanjiandewentishichoumodecuxichengduhejunyunxing,ruguochoumodecuxiguoda,zehuiyingxiangdaohuangdoudanbaizhishuirongjiedechongfen,jinerguanxidaodoufujiagongshengchandexiaolvhezhiliang。yinggaigenjuhuangdoudepaozhihuanjiehepinzhiquedingmozhidexiangguancanshu,yifangmian,yaokongzhimozhijixiezhuangzhizhuandongdesudu,bimianyinzhuanshubujunyunerchuxianchoumocuxichengdubujun,jineryingxiangdanbaizhishuijie;lingyifangmian,yaokongzhimozhijixiedonglizhuangzhidejixieliliang,bimianyinliliangguodaerchanshengguodademocahefare,yinfahuangdoudanbaizhidebianxing,budanyingxiangdoufujiagongshengchandezhiliang,yehuiyingxiangdoufujiagongshengchandexiaoyi。yaoquebaomozhichudechoumojunyun、潔白、柔和,用手指撚動具有潤滑的特性,經過撚磨後的稠沫要成片狀,柔軟而有勁。
3、煮漿
在工業化的豆腐加工生產中,煮漿過程最為重要的是溫度控製,無論采用何種手段和設備,煮漿溫度必須穩定而均勻地保持在95℃左右,避免溫度過高影響乳化的蛋白質出現變性,影響豆腐加工生產的後續工序;也要避免溫度過低,這會直接降低豆腐的品質和風味,直接影響豆腐的出品率。在河北、遼寧等省份,豆腐加工生產煮漿過程中采用增添振動篩工藝,通過振動篩的振搗作用,確保煮漿溫度的均衡,使整體煮漿溫度穩定於95℃,做到對煮漿環節和豆腐加工生產品質的保證。在條件不足的區域,煮漿過程中以添加冷水作為溫度調節的辦法,一般以100kg豆漿預備10kg、70℃的溫水,以此來控製豆漿的溫度。
4、點腦
diannaoshidoufujiagongshengchandeguanjiangongxuzhiyi,zaidoufujiagongshengchanzhong,yaoyongshaoxianjiangdoujiangfandongqilai,ranhouzaiyishouhuangshao,yishouxialu。huangshaodesuduheliliangyaozhangwoshidang,xialudeliuliangyaojunyunyizhi。yibianxialu,yibianzhuyiguanchaningjuzhuangtai。zaijijiangchengnaoshi,huangshaosudujianman,huomianzhanzhu(即全部形成凝膠狀態),方可停勺,再用淡鹵輕輕地甩在豆腦麵上,使豆腐腦表麵凝固,從點腦到全部凝固成型約需5min。
5、蹲腦
蹲(dun)腦(nao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)豆(dou)腐(fu)品(pin)質(zhi)和(he)出(chu)品(pin)率(lv),在(zai)蹲(dun)腦(nao)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),工(gong)序(xu)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)不(bu)可(ke)忽(hu)視(shi),蹲(dun)腦(nao)時(shi)間(jian)短(duan),蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)組(zu)織(zhi)結(jie)構(gou)不(bu)牢(lao)固(gu),包(bao)水(shui)性(xing)差(cha),豆(dou)腐(fu)彈(dan)性(xing)差(cha),出(chu)品(pin)率(lv)也(ye)隨(sui)之(zhi)下(xia)降(jiang)。根(gen)據(ju)生(sheng)產(chan)實(shi)踐(jian)摸(mo)索(suo),蹲(dun)腦(nao)時(shi)間(jian)在(zai)25±5min,要注意蹲腦時豆腐腦的保溫。
6、結語
黃(huang)豆(dou)的(de)營(ying)養(yang)豐(feng)富(fu),是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)傳(chuan)統(tong)食(shi)品(pin)中(zhong)的(de)代(dai)表(biao),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)以(yi)豆(dou)腐(fu)為(wei)代(dai)表(biao)的(de)黃(huang)豆(dou)生(sheng)產(chan)加(jia)工(gong)產(chan)品(pin),更(geng)受(shou)人(ren)民(min)群(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)廣(guang)泛(fan)歡(huan)迎(ying)。新(xin)時(shi)期(qi),應(ying)該(gai)建(jian)立(li)起(qi)豆(dou)腐(fu)加(jia)工(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)商(shang)業(ye)化(hua)、工業化模式,通過對豆腐加工生產的主要環節——泡豆、磨製、煮漿、點腦、蹲腦、壓製等過程的有效管理和監控,全麵提升豆腐加工的技術能力和生產效率,為豆腐加工生產走向市場化和大眾化提供基礎。
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