一、原料選擇
保鮮香菇的加工,首先要注意原料新鮮度,這是決定保鮮香菇成品質量的重要因素。原料要新鮮,色澤要正常;其次,菇朵形態要完整、圓正,菇柄要完好無缺,菇體要保持自然生長時的優美形態;菇肉要肥厚,菇蓋邊緣要內卷整齊,菌膜末破或微開,未開傘;菇蓋直徑不小於38毫米;無病蟲害、異味和泥土雜質。
二、原料處理和冷藏
shouxianyaojinxingyuanliaoyulengyupaishi。weibaochiyuanliaolianghaodexinxianduheseze,xiangucaizhaihouyaojishijinrulengkuyulengjiangwen。genjushebeixingnenghexianguhanshuiliang,zhangwoshiyideyulengwenduheshidutuoshuilv,tongguoyulengpaishi,dadaochukouyaoqiu。ruguocaiyonggufenglengquefangshi,balengkuwendukongzhizai1℃-3℃之間,鮮菇中心溫度為2℃-4℃,使鮮菇含水量降至75%-80%。在常溫下,不宜采用通風陰涼排濕或攤曬於陽光下排濕的方法。
其qi次ci,原yuan料liao的de分fen級ji與yu精jing選xuan。根gen據ju外wai貿mao客ke戶hu的de要yao求qiu,通tong常chang按an菇gu蓋gai直zhi徑jing大da小xiao用yong白bai鐵tie製zhi成cheng的de分fen級ji篩shai進jin行xing篩shai分fen或huo人ren工gong目mu測ce進jin行xing分fen選xuan。分fen級ji通tong常chang采cai用yong三san級ji製zhi:大級菇(L)菇蓋直徑在55毫米以上,中級菇(M)菇蓋直徑在45-55毫米之間;小級菇(S)菇蓋直徑在38-45毫米之間。在進行原料分級的同時,應剔除破損的、脫柄的、變色的、有斑點的、畸形的及不合格的次劣菇,選好後應及時入庫冷藏。有條件的地區可在冷庫中進行分級和揀選,以確保鮮菇的良好質量。
zaici,jinxinglengzangbaoxian。lengzangqijian,lengzangkuwendudegaodizhijieyingxiangxianguchengpinzhiliang,yinci,lengzangguochengzhonglengzangkudewendujiweizhongyao。ruolengzangkuwendugaoyu5℃,鮮菇仍可繼續進行新陳代謝,致使鮮菇鮮度降低、組織老化、終至開傘;冷藏溫度如果低於0℃,鮮菇易受凍害,菇體質地軟化,終至發生水漬狀腐爛變質,甚至不能食用。因此,冷藏期間的冷藏溫度,必須嚴格控製在1℃-3℃之間。
三、包裝與運輸
baoxianxianggudebaozhuangbutongyuqitachanpindebaozhuang。weilebaozhengxianguzhiliang,baozhuangcailiaojirongqichulebixuweishengwuduxingwai,haiyinggerebutouqi,bushouwaijiehuanjingyingxiang,zaiyidingshijianneiyoujiaoqiangdebaolengxingneng,bingnengshixianguchuyulianghaodediwenzhuangtai。
保bao鮮xian香xiang菇gu的de包bao裝zhuang容rong器qi一yi般ban采cai用yong泡pao沫mo塑su料liao壓ya鑄zhu成cheng的de有you蓋gai長chang方fang形xing塑su料liao箱xiang,箱xiang蓋gai四si周zhou有you隆long起qi脊ji,與yu箱xiang口kou保bao持chi緊jin密mi的de吻wen合he。裝zhuang菇gu畢bi,箱xiang口kou四si周zhou再zai用yong透tou明ming膠jiao紙zhi帶dai黏nian住zhu密mi封feng。
鮮菇包裝必須在清潔衛生、無異味、氣溫不高於3℃的(de)低(di)溫(wen)房(fang)間(jian)進(jin)行(xing)。包(bao)裝(zhuang)用(yong)具(ju)及(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)製(zhi)服(fu)要(yao)保(bao)持(chi)清(qing)潔(jie)衛(wei)生(sheng),定(ding)期(qi)消(xiao)毒(du)。非(fei)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)不(bu)得(de)任(ren)意(yi)出(chu)入(ru)包(bao)裝(zhuang)場(chang)所(suo),以(yi)防(fang)庫(ku)溫(wen)上(shang)升(sheng)和(he)傳(chuan)帶(dai)病(bing)菌(jun)雜(za)物(wu)汙(wu)染(ran)產(chan)品(pin)。
包裝必須在確定出口日期前進行。首先剪短鮮菇菇柄,留長約25limi,bianjianbingbianbaozhuang,ruoguozaojiangubing,gubingjiankouhuiyanghuahebianyingxiangwaiguan。xianguyongsuliaobomodaizhuangsheng,daineizhuangrutongjixianggu,chouzhenkonghouzaizhuangdaopaomosuliaoxiangzhong,xiangkounianhemifengbingtaoshangshuangwalengzhixiang,zhixiangkoujianianjiaozhidai。
yeyoucaiyongxiaobaozhuangzhuangshengxianggudeqingkuang。xiaobaozhuangtongchangcaiyongpaomosuliaodaizhichengxiaotuopan,meipanzhuangrudexianguzhengqipailie,youdejunzhechaowai,waimianbaoguoshangyicengbaoxianbomomifengbutouqihuochouchengzhenkong,ranhouzhuangruzhixiang,xiangkoujianianjiaozhidai。baozhuangwanbi,zuohaobiaoji,daiyun。
保(bao)鮮(xian)香(xiang)菇(gu)包(bao)裝(zhuang)後(hou)要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)出(chu)運(yun),從(cong)產(chan)地(di)運(yun)住(zhu)口(kou)岸(an)的(de)出(chu)口(kou)鮮(xian)菇(gu),必(bi)須(xu)采(cai)用(yong)冷(leng)藏(zang)車(che)運(yun)送(song)並(bing)嚴(yan)格(ge)控(kong)製(zhi)好(hao)冷(leng)藏(zang)溫(wen)度(du),防(fang)止(zhi)溫(wen)度(du)回(hui)升(sheng),以(yi)確(que)保(bao)鮮(xian)菇(gu)質(zhi)量(liang)。
四、生產中應注意的幾個問題
保(bao)鮮(xian)香(xiang)菇(gu)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)屬(shu)於(yu)人(ren)工(gong)栽(zai)培(pei)的(de)木(mu)屑(xie)香(xiang)菇(gu)而(er)不(bu)是(shi)原(yuan)木(mu)栽(zai)培(pei)的(de)香(xiang)菇(gu)。生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)為(wei)了(le)抑(yi)製(zhi)雜(za)菌(jun)發(fa)生(sheng)危(wei)害(hai),通(tong)常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)多(duo)菌(jun)靈(ling)或(huo)其(qi)他(ta)殺(sha)菌(jun)劑(ji)拌(ban)入(ru)栽(zai)培(pei)香(xiang)菇(gu)的(de)營(ying)養(yang)料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)防(fang)黴(mei)、shajun,yongliangyingyangexianzhizaizuididuirentianquandefanweinei。xiangguzaipeishengchanguochengzhong,meitianbixupensadaliangshui。shuizhibixuqingjing,budedaiyouduirentiyouhaideweishengwujijinshuwuzhi,yiquebaoxianguqingjieweisheng。xiangguheqitaguleiyiyang,gutihanyoudaliangshuifen,—般都在90%以上。為保持成品質量,縮短排濕時間,鮮菇采摘前一天要嚴禁噴水。
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