品種選擇是關鍵目前市場上推廣的大蔥品種很多,表現較好的有河南農業大學選育的墨玉巨蔥、金富大蔥等。
適時播種育苗 我省大蔥在秋分後播種較好,但也要因當年氣候條件而定,暖冬年應適當晚播,嚴寒地區可適當早播,使幼苗在冬前有40~50天的發育期,能有2~3片真葉,株高在10厘米左右,莖粗在0.4厘米以下(莖粗0.5厘米以上,翌年易抽薹開花),這(zhe)樣(yang)既(ji)可(ke)安(an)全(quan)越(yue)冬(dong)又(you)可(ke)避(bi)免(mian)或(huo)減(jian)少(shao)翌(yi)年(nian)的(de)先(xian)期(qi)抽(chou)薹(tai)。播(bo)種(zhong)前(qian)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)種(zhong)子(zi)浸(jin)種(zhong)和(he)消(xiao)毒(du),將(jiang)種(zhong)子(zi)在(zai)清(qing)水(shui)中(zhong)浸(jin)泡(pao),撈(lao)出(chu)秕(bi)子(zi)雜(za)質(zhi),再(zai)將(jiang)種(zhong)子(zi)放(fang)入(ru)55℃左右的溫水中浸泡20~30分鍾。播種方法有撒播和條播。撒播時先澆足底水,均勻播種後,覆土0.5~1.0厘米厚。條播時,在播種畦內按行距15厘米開1.5~2厘米深的淺溝,種子均勻播在溝內,然後耙平畦麵,踩實澆水。出苗前要保持土壤濕潤鬆軟,如地表開裂或板結,播後3天tian要yao澆jiao小xiao水shui,以yi利li於yu幼you苗miao出chu土tu。出chu齊qi苗miao後hou澆jiao一yi次ci小xiao水shui,使shi幼you苗miao生sheng長chang健jian壯zhuang,同tong時shi要yao勤qin拔ba草cao,此ci期qi培pei育yu適shi齡ling壯zhuang苗miao是shi管guan理li工gong作zuo的de核he心xin。既ji要yao防fang止zhi幼you苗miao過guo大da,又you要yao避bi免mian幼you苗miao過guo弱ruo。對dui於yu生sheng長chang過guo快kuai的de幼you苗miao或huo出chu現xian暖nuan冬dong年nian的de情qing況kuang下xia,要yao通tong過guo水shui肥fei管guan理li適shi當dang控kong製zhi幼you苗miao生sheng長chang,防fang止zhi冬dong前qian幼you苗miao生sheng長chang過guo旺wang,這zhe是shi防fang止zhi大da蔥cong大da量liang抽chou薹tai的de一yi項xiang重zhong要yao措cuo施shi。對dui於yu生sheng長chang瘦shou弱ruo的de幼you苗miao,要yao及ji時shi適shi量liang追zhui肥fei澆jiao水shui,使shi弱ruo苗miao變bian壯zhuang。入ru冬dong前qian,撒sa施shi草cao木mu灰hui或huo幹gan草cao糞fen,以yi利li大da蔥cong安an全quan越yue冬dong。翌yi年nian春chun季ji返fan青qing時shi耬lou鬆song畦qi麵mian,澆jiao返fan青qing水shui並bing追zhui肥fei。然ran後hou中zhong耕geng,間jian苗miao、除草。幼苗高30~50厘米、有8~9片葉時,應停止澆水,進行煉苗,準備移栽。
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