生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong),摘(zhai)葉(ye)是(shi)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)管(guan)理(li)中(zhong)一(yi)項(xiang)必(bi)要(yao)的(de)措(cuo)施(shi)。合(he)理(li)摘(zhai)葉(ye)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)改(gai)善(shan)株(zhu)行(xing)間(jian)的(de)通(tong)風(feng)透(tou)光(guang)性(xing),促(cu)進(jin)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)轉(zhuan)色(se),減(jian)少(shao)養(yang)分(fen)消(xiao)耗(hao)及(ji)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng),但(dan)給(gei)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)摘(zhai)葉(ye)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)適(shi)度(du)。具(ju)體(ti)有(you)哪(na)些(xie)要(yao)求(qiu)呢(ne)?現(xian)介(jie)紹(shao)如(ru)下(xia)。
一、摘葉應分次、適時進行
應分次摘除病葉、黃葉、老葉、稠chou密mi葉ye。要yao以yi既ji能neng保bao證zheng果guo實shi生sheng長chang所suo需xu的de光guang合he產chan物wu,又you不bu會hui造zao成cheng田tian間jian鬱yu閉bi為wei標biao準zhun。另ling外wai,摘zhai葉ye前qian,還hai應ying密mi切qie關guan注zhu天tian氣qi預yu報bao,選xuan擇ze晴qing天tian上shang午wu進jin行xing,盡jin量liang避bi開kai連lian陰yin天tian打da葉ye,以yi利li傷shang口kou在zai日ri光guang照zhao射she及ji較jiao高gao溫wen度du下xia盡jin快kuai幹gan燥zao愈yu合he。摘zhai葉ye時shi,盡jin量liang避bi免mian將jiang傷shang口kou擴kuo大da。摘zhai葉ye後hou及ji時shi噴pen施shi防fang治zhi灰hui黴mei病bing的de藥yao物wu,可ke重zhong點dian噴pen施shi莖jing稈gan下xia部bu因yin摘zhai葉ye形xing成cheng的de創chuang口kou,尤you其qi背bei光guang的de創chuang口kou。遇yu到dao連lian陰yin天tian或huo下xia雨yu天tian棚peng內nei濕shi度du大da時shi,可ke結jie合he煙yan霧wu劑ji熏xun棚peng的de方fang法fa防fang治zhi。
二、植株下部黃化葉片宜晚摘
植zhi株zhu葉ye片pian黃huang化hua,葉ye綠lv素su減jian少shao,光guang合he作zuo用yong受shou到dao很hen大da影ying響xiang,造zao成cheng植zhi株zhu光guang合he產chan物wu不bu足zu,西xi紅hong柿shi果guo實shi生sheng長chang受shou阻zu。然ran而er,黃huang化hua的de葉ye片pian光guang合he作zuo用yong並bing未wei停ting止zhi。若ruo把ba黃huang葉ye直zhi接jie摘zhai除chu,植zhi株zhu的de葉ye片pian太tai少shao,光guang合he產chan物wu更geng加jia不bu足zu,西xi紅hong柿shi果guo實shi生sheng長chang發fa育yu受shou到dao的de影ying響xiang更geng大da。有you經jing驗yan的de菜cai農nong都dou知zhi道dao,生sheng長chang正zheng常chang的de西xi紅hong柿shi植zhi株zhu在zai摘zhai葉ye時shi,最zui好hao不bu要yao將jiang未wei成cheng熟shu果guo穗sui下xia的de葉ye片pian全quan部bu摘zhai除chu,而er應ying保bao留liu1~2片。尤其是光照較強時,更不能摘葉過多,否則會導致西紅柿果實著色不佳,膨大受到影響。
所suo以yi,對dui於yu黃huang化hua葉ye片pian不bu應ying該gai過guo早zao摘zhai除chu,而er應ying采cai取qu措cuo施shi解jie決jue黃huang葉ye問wen題ti,盡jin量liang讓rang黃huang化hua的de葉ye片pian恢hui複fu正zheng常chang。造zao成cheng西xi紅hong柿shi黃huang葉ye的de原yuan因yin很hen多duo,根gen係xi受shou傷shang、缺素、幹旱、氣害、藥(yao)害(hai)等(deng)都(dou)可(ke)能(neng)引(yin)起(qi)黃(huang)葉(ye),故(gu)需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)症(zheng)治(zhi)療(liao)。根(gen)係(xi)受(shou)傷(shang)引(yin)起(qi)的(de),建(jian)議(yi)菜(cai)農(nong)朋(peng)友(you)可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)物(wu)全(quan)元(yuan)螯(ao)合(he)生(sheng)物(wu)菌(jun)肥(fei),促(cu)進(jin)根(gen)係(xi)生(sheng)長(chang),保(bao)證(zheng)養(yang)分(fen)的(de)充(chong)足(zu)供(gong)應(ying),增(zeng)強(qiang)植(zhi)株(zhu)的(de)抵(di)抗(kang)力(li),緩(huan)解(jie)黃(huang)葉(ye);土壤透氣性差引起的,應從增施有機肥、深翻改良土壤等做起;缺素引起的老葉變黃主要是缺氮、鎂等,新葉變黃主要是缺鐵、鋅等,按所缺元素不同,葉麵噴施配合隨水衝施肥料,可以盡快解決缺素引起的黃葉;幹旱後要及時澆水,氣害則需在去除氣害源頭的基礎上,加強通風。
三、摘葉不可過狠
頂葉摘除過狠,就會造成光合產物製造少、積累不足,果實生長發育得不到足夠的營養而形成空洞果,而且果實小、產chan量liang低di,同tong時shi還hai易yi受shou強qiang光guang直zhi射she而er出chu現xian日ri灼zhuo果guo。葉ye片pian摘zhai除chu過guo狠hen還hai會hui加jia重zhong根gen係xi的de衰shuai老lao,致zhi使shi水shui分fen和he礦kuang物wu質zhi營ying養yang供gong應ying不bu足zu,又you增zeng加jia了le空kong洞dong果guo的de比bi例li。因yin此ci,預yu防fang西xi紅hong柿shi果guo空kong洞dong必bi先xian從cong保bao護hu葉ye片pian開kai始shi,防fang止zhi摘zhai葉ye過guo重zhong。在zai摘zhai心xin時shi,上shang層ceng果guo穗sui上shang方fang應ying保bao留liu1~2片葉。
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