炭疽病是辣椒上的常發病害,特別是在高溫季節,果實受灼傷,易並發炭疽病,使果實失去商品價值。
炭tan疽ju病bing主zhu要yao危wei害hai辣la椒jiao果guo實shi和he老lao葉ye,也ye可ke侵qin染ran莖jing部bu。果guo實shi染ran病bing,初chu現xian水shui漬zi狀zhuang黃huang褐he色se圓yuan斑ban,擴kuo大da後hou邊bian緣yuan褐he色se,中zhong央yang灰hui褐he色se,病bing斑ban有you隆long起qi的de同tong心xin輪lun紋wen,由you許xu多duo黑hei色se或huo橙cheng紅hong色se的de小xiao點dian集ji成cheng。潮chao濕shi時shi病bing斑ban表biao麵mian溢yi出chu紅hong色se黏nian稠chou物wu,被bei害hai果guo內nei半ban軟ruan腐fu,易yi幹gan縮suo。葉ye片pian染ran病bing,產chan生sheng近jin圓yuan形xing褐he斑ban,中zhong間jian灰hui褐he色se,後hou期qi產chan生sheng輪lun狀zhuang排pai列lie的de黑hei色se小xiao粒li點dian,嚴yan重zhong時shi導dao致zhi落luo葉ye。莖jing和he果guo梗geng染ran病bing,出chu現xian不bu規gui則ze短duan條tiao形xing凹ao陷xian褐he斑ban,幹gan燥zao時shi表biao皮pi易yi破po裂lie。
lajiaotanjubingyoubanzhijunyamenzhenjunqinranyinqi,bingjunyifenshengbaozifuzhezaizhongzibiaomianhuoyijunsiqianfuzaizhongzineiyuedong,bozhongdaijunzhongzihuiyinqiyoumiaofabing。bingjunhainengyijunsihuofenshengbaozipansuibingcantizaiturangzhongyuedong,chengweixiayijidechuqinranyuan。yuedonghouchangchudefenshengbaozimengfachangchuyaguan,congjizhubiaopideshangkouqinru,fabinghouchangchudaliangfenshengbaozijinxingzaiqinran。gaowengaoshihuanjingyouliyufabing,dishidiwa、土質黏重、通透性差、施肥不足或氮肥過多、管理粗放造成傷口、果實受暴曬等,都會加重病情。
防治辣椒炭疽病,應實行綜合防治措施。播前翻曬土壤,減少初浸染源;選用無病種子,用50℃的熱水浸種20分鍾;合理密植,使辣椒封行後行間不鬱蔽,果實不暴露;適當增施磷鉀肥;防止田間積水;及時采果;發現病果立即摘除帶出田外銷毀;重病田與瓜類和豆類蔬菜輪作2~3年。發病初期,用50%多菌靈可濕性粉劑或70%代森錳鋅可濕性粉劑500倍液噴霧防治。保護地栽培可以每畝用45%百菌清煙劑250克熏蒸防治。
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