番茄裂果是夏秋季大棚番茄比較常見的生理性病害,多發生在果實轉色期。根據發生部位和形態可分為3種zhong。第di一yi種zhong是shi放fang射she狀zhuang裂lie果guo。這zhe種zhong類lei型xing的de裂lie果guo以yi果guo蒂di為wei中zhong心xin,向xiang果guo肩jian延yan伸shen,呈cheng放fang射she狀zhuang深shen裂lie,從cong果guo實shi綠lv熟shu期qi開kai始shi發fa生sheng,在zai果guo蒂di附fu近jin產chan生sheng細xi微wei的de條tiao紋wen開kai裂lie,轉zhuan色se前qian2~3tianliehenmingxian。dierzhongshihuanzhuanglieguo。zhezhongleixingdelieguoyiguodiweiyuanxin,chenghuanzhuangqianlie,duozaiguoshichengshushichuxian。disanzhongshitiaowenzhuanglieguo。zhezhongleixingdelieguochuxianzaiguodinghuahenbu,chengbuguizetiaowenzhuangkailie。
番茄裂果的原因,主要是在果實發育後期或轉色期遇強光照射、高(gao)溫(wen)幹(gan)旱(han)或(huo)暴(bao)雨(yu)等(deng)不(bu)良(liang)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian),果(guo)皮(pi)生(sheng)長(chang)與(yu)果(guo)肉(rou)組(zu)織(zhi)膨(peng)大(da)速(su)度(du)不(bu)同(tong)步(bu),果(guo)實(shi)膨(peng)壓(ya)增(zeng)大(da),出(chu)現(xian)裂(lie)果(guo)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)遇(yu)陣(zhen)雨(yu)或(huo)暴(bao)雨(yu),使(shi)植(zhi)株(zhu)根(gen)係(xi)出(chu)現(xian)生(sheng)理(li)機(ji)能(neng)障(zhang)礙(ai),影(ying)響(xiang)水(shui)分(fen)及(ji)養(yang)分(fen)的(de)吸(xi)收(shou)和(he)運(yun)轉(zhuan),易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)裂(lie)果(guo)。植(zhi)株(zhu)打(da)頂(ding)過(guo)重(zhong),果(guo)實(shi)在(zai)強(qiang)烈(lie)的(de)陽(yang)光(guang)下(xia)暴(bao)曬(shai)後(hou)突(tu)然(ran)澆(jiao)水(shui),也(ye)容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)裂(lie)果(guo)。番(fan)茄(qie)裂(lie)果(guo)還(hai)與(yu)品(pin)種(zhong)有(you)關(guan)係(xi),果(guo)皮(pi)薄(bo)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)容(rong)易(yi)裂(lie)果(guo),果(guo)皮(pi)厚(hou)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)不(bu)易(yi)裂(lie)果(guo)。缺(que)少(shao)鈣(gai)、硼等微量元素會導致番茄果麵出現木栓狀龜裂。
防止番茄裂果,首先應選用抗裂性強的品種。生產上應用的中蔬6號、毛粉802、紅瑪瑙140、紅雜16等(deng)品(pin)種(zhong)抗(kang)裂(lie)性(xing)強(qiang),可(ke)因(yin)地(di)製(zhi)宜(yi)地(di)選(xuan)用(yong)。其(qi)次(ci),要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)田(tian)間(jian)管(guan)理(li)。適(shi)時(shi)適(shi)度(du)澆(jiao)灌(guan)水(shui),避(bi)免(mian)土(tu)壤(rang)過(guo)幹(gan)或(huo)過(guo)濕(shi),或(huo)忽(hu)幹(gan)忽(hu)濕(shi)。雨(yu)後(hou)及(ji)時(shi)清(qing)溝(gou)排(pai)漬(zi)降(jiang)濕(shi)。增(zeng)施(shi)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)和(he)質(zhi)量(liang)好(hao)的(de)生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei),改(gai)善(shan)土(tu)壤(rang)結(jie)構(gou),為(wei)根(gen)係(xi)生(sheng)長(chang)提(ti)供(gong)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)。經(jing)常(chang)噴(pen)施(shi)鈣(gai)、硼(peng)等(deng)微(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)肥(fei)料(liao)。整(zheng)枝(zhi)打(da)杈(cha)要(yao)適(shi)度(du),保(bao)持(chi)植(zhi)株(zhu)有(you)茂(mao)盛(sheng)的(de)葉(ye)片(pian),加(jia)強(qiang)植(zhi)株(zhu)體(ti)內(nei)多(duo)餘(yu)水(shui)分(fen)的(de)蒸(zheng)騰(teng),避(bi)免(mian)養(yang)分(fen)集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)應(ying)果(guo)實(shi)造(zao)成(cheng)裂(lie)果(guo)。正(zheng)確(que)使(shi)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)生(sheng)長(chang)調(tiao)節(jie)劑(ji),在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)激(ji)素(su)噴(pen)花(hua)時(shi)濃(nong)度(du)不(bu)能(neng)過(guo)大(da),要(yao)針(zhen)對(dui)品(pin)種(zhong)和(he)溫(wen)度(du)合(he)理(li)確(que)定(ding)使(shi)用(yong)濃(nong)度(du)。在(zai)果(guo)實(shi)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)適(shi)時(shi)噴(pen)施(shi)氯(lv)化(hua)鈣(gai)、硫酸鋅等葉麵肥,有利於改善植株營養狀況,增強果實抗裂能力。噴施27%高脂膜乳劑100倍液,對減少裂果也有一定作用。
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