一、枯萎病引起的萎蔫
huangguazaizhenggeshengchangqidouhuifabing,yikaihuadaojieguoqifabingzuizhong。fabingchuqibingzhubiaoxianweiyepiancongxiaxiangshangzhujianweinian,siqueshuizhuang,zhongwugengweimingxian,zaowanshangnenghuifu。shurihouzhengzhuyepiankuwei,buzaihuifuchangtai,zaichaoshihuanjingxia,bingbubiaomianyechangchanshengbaisehuofenhongsedemeiceng。fangzhikuweibing,keyong2%農抗120水劑250倍液或50%多菌靈可濕性粉劑500倍液或50%的惡黴靈可濕性粉劑3000倍液灌根。
二、急性萎蔫
植(zhi)株(zhu)生(sheng)長(chang)一(yi)直(zhi)健(jian)壯(zhuang),但(dan)在(zai)晴(qing)天(tian)的(de)中(zhong)午(wu)葉(ye)片(pian)突(tu)然(ran)出(chu)現(xian)急(ji)性(xing)萎(wei)蔫(nian),傍(bang)晚(wan)可(ke)恢(hui)複(fu),切(qie)斷(duan)莖(jing)基(ji)部(bu),未(wei)發(fa)現(xian)導(dao)管(guan)變(bian)色(se),也(ye)無(wu)乳(ru)狀(zhuang)物(wu)溢(yi)出(chu)。發(fa)生(sheng)原(yuan)因(yin)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)連(lian)續(xu)陰(yin)天(tian)未(wei)揭(jie)草(cao)苫(shan),植(zhi)株(zhu)不(bu)能(neng)進(jin)行(xing)光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong),處(chu)於(yu)饑(ji)餓(e)狀(zhuang)態(tai),地(di)溫(wen)低(di),根(gen)係(xi)活(huo)動(dong)弱(ruo),一(yi)旦(dan)晴(qing)天(tian),棚(peng)溫(wen)突(tu)然(ran)升(sheng)高(gao),空(kong)氣(qi)濕(shi)度(du)降(jiang)低(di),葉(ye)片(pian)水(shui)分(fen)蒸(zheng)騰(teng)快(kuai),根(gen)係(xi)吸(xi)收(shou)水(shui)分(fen)功(gong)能(neng)弱(ruo),地(di)下(xia)部(bu)分(fen)向(xiang)上(shang)輸(shu)送(song)水(shui)分(fen)少(shao),葉(ye)片(pian)就(jiu)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)萎(wei)蔫(nian)。防(fang)治(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi):lianyinjitian,ruyuqingtianshiqianwanbuyaoyixiaziquanbujiekaicaoshan,zuihaoxianjieyibufen,yihouzaizhujianquanbujiekai,yepianweinianyanzhongshi,yekeyongpenwuqigeiyepianpenshui,fangzhiguoduweinianshiyepianshouhai。
三、嫁接黃瓜質量差或砧木與接穗的親和性不高引起的萎蔫
發病初期黑籽南瓜砧木的側根變褐腐爛,主根變淺褐至褐色,嚴重時根部全部變成淺褐至褐色,造成植株萎蔫。防治措施:一yi是shi控kong製zhi澆jiao水shui數shu量liang,防fang止zhi大da水shui漫man灌guan,特te別bie是shi連lian陰yin雨yu雪xue天tian氣qi時shi禁jin止zhi澆jiao水shui。二er是shi中zhong耕geng劃hua鋤chu。疏shu鬆song土tu壤rang,防fang止zhi土tu壤rang板ban結jie。三san是shi藥yao劑ji防fang治zhi,發fa病bing初chu期qi用yong70%甲基托布津800倍液或70%代森錳鋅可濕性粉劑500倍液灌根,每株灌藥液250毫升。
四、大水漫灌引起萎蔫
灌水後土壤含水量過高,透氣性差,在缺氧條件下土壤中產生有毒物質,使根係中毒或缺氧窒息而萎蔫。黃瓜定植前15~20天澆足底墒水,若活土層過深,澆水後需再次整平畦麵,使土壤達到深、透、細、平、實的標準。澆水以滴灌為宜,避免大水漫灌,保持土壤良好的透氣性。
五、根結線蟲危害引起萎蔫
根結線蟲一般分布在地表3~9厘li米mi的de土tu層ceng內nei,受shou害hai根gen係xi形xing成cheng根gen瘤liu,並bing逐zhu漸jian腫zhong大da,根gen係xi組zu織zhi遭zao破po壞huai後hou,肥fei水shui的de吸xi收shou運yun輸shu受shou到dao阻zu礙ai,使shi植zhi株zhu矮ai小xiao,葉ye片pian變bian黃huang,嚴yan重zhong時shi萎wei蔫nian或huo者zhe死si亡wang。防fang治zhi根gen結jie線xian蟲chong病bing,可ke在zai定ding植zhi前qian用yong藥yao劑ji處chu理li土tu壤rang,或huo在zai生sheng長chang期qi用yong1.8%阿維菌素乳油1500倍液灌根。
六、施肥濃度過大引起萎蔫
施shi肥fei過guo多duo,特te別bie是shi靠kao近jin黃huang瓜gua根gen頸jing部bu施shi用yong化hua肥fei時shi,極ji易yi灼zhuo傷shang植zhi株zhu,施shi用yong含han氮dan量liang較jiao高gao的de肥fei可ke在zai大da棚peng內nei分fen解jie過guo程cheng中zhong產chan生sheng氨an氣qi,當dang氣qi溫wen升sheng高gao時shi,氨an氣qi濃nong度du過guo大da導dao致zhi萎wei蔫nian死si株zhu。要yao注zhu意yi少shao施shi速su效xiao性xing化hua肥fei,多duo施shi腐fu熟shu的de有you機ji肥fei,並bing進jin行xing根gen外wai追zhui肥fei,可ke噴pen施shi複fu合he磷lin酸suan二er氫qing鉀jia、噴施 寶 等葉麵肥。
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