jianmiaodingmiao。yaoqiuzaojianmiao,xidingmiao。zhangwodeyuanzeshijianmiliuxi,quruoliuzhuang,tiaozhengzhujianjuli,baochijunyun。yibanfenliangcijianmiao,diyicizaiqimiaohouchuxiandiyipianzhenyeshijinxing,jiandaoyebudaye;第二次間苗在第二片真葉出現時進行。3葉期進行定苗,留苗密度根據油菜播種早遲、秧齡長短和秧苗生長狀況而定,一般保持苗距7~10厘米。播種量小的可隻間一次苗。
早施、施足苗肥。試驗證明,苗期缺氮15天或缺磷25天,油菜畝產分別會減少27.4%和27.1%,移栽後5天追肥的比移栽後20天追肥的油菜每畝增產24.3%。在幹旱的地區和年份,施肥應結合澆水進行,即帶水追肥,以水促肥。苗期施肥量應占總施肥量的40%左右,在施足基肥的基礎上,追施尿素等氮肥兩次。對移栽油菜除應追施2cidanfeiwai,haiyingshidangzhuishilafeiyici。duizhiboyoucai,yingzaidiyicijianmiaoshihedingmiaohougezhuifeiyici。zaimiaoqichuyingzhuishidanfeiwai,haixuzhuyizhuishilinfei。quelinhuiyingxiangyoucaidehuayafenhuahegenxifayu。lingwaimiaoqihaiyingzhuyipengfeidegonggei。
抗旱排漬。我國油菜產區冬季少雨尤其是黃淮區和長江中遊,秋冬多幹旱。當土壤相對濕度(田間最大持水量)低於70%時shi,油you菜cai下xia部bu葉ye片pian發fa紅hong,全quan株zhu暗an綠lv無wu光guang澤ze,或huo中zhong午wu葉ye片pian萎wei蔫nian,就jiu應ying立li即ji灌guan溉gai,抗kang旱han促cu早zao發fa。旱han情qing較jiao輕qing時shi,可ke結jie合he施shi提ti苗miao肥fei,澆jiao水shui抗kang旱han。幹gan旱han較jiao嚴yan重zhong時shi,可ke進jin行xing溝gou灌guan。澆jiao水shui次ci數shu應ying根gen據ju苗miao情qing和he土tu壤rang質zhi地di而er定ding。也ye要yao視shi地di區qu條tiao件jian而er定ding,如ru黃huang淮huai油you菜cai產chan區qu,在zai秋qiu冬dong季ji和he返fan青qing後hou要yao澆jiao水shui5~6次。澆水時忌大水漫灌,以免油菜受淹,土壤板結,影響根係發育,形成僵苗不發。在秋雨多的地區要注意清溝排漬,降低地下水位。
中耕鬆土。中耕鬆土應掌握早鬆土、勤鬆土的原則,並配合施肥、培土壅根等措施。中耕鬆土的時間和次數、深度,應根據油菜生長情況、土壤狀況、氣候特點和雜草生長情況而定。對直播油菜,一般在全苗後出現2~3片真葉時結合間苗、追肥進行第一次中耕,當有4~5片真葉時,結合定苗、追(zhui)肥(fei)進(jin)行(xing)第(di)二(er)次(ci)中(zhong)耕(geng),此(ci)後(hou)在(zai)低(di)溫(wen)來(lai)臨(lin)之(zhi)前(qian)再(zai)中(zhong)耕(geng)一(yi)次(ci)。對(dui)移(yi)栽(zai)油(you)菜(cai),應(ying)在(zai)幼(you)苗(miao)移(yi)栽(zai)返(fan)青(qing)後(hou)結(jie)合(he)追(zhui)肥(fei)進(jin)行(xing)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)中(zhong)耕(geng),以(yi)後(hou)在(zai)冬(dong)前(qian)再(zai)進(jin)行(xing)1~2次中耕。此外,在每次澆水和降雨後,也應適時進行中耕鬆土。中耕深度宜先淺後深,避免傷根過多,即第一次中耕淺,第二次、disancizhonggengshen。shuitianyoucaizhonggengkeshaoshen,wangchangyoucaizhonggengyeyingshidangjiashen,yiqieduanbufengenxi,kongzhidishangbufenshengchang,shiwangmiaobianzhuangmiao。danzaidongjijiaohanlengnianfenhediqu,weilefangdongbaoshi,yibanbuyijinxingshenzhonggeng。zhonggengsongtushi,yidingyaozhuyipeituyonggen,yizengqiangyoucaidekanghannengli。
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