現在大棚夜溫低、濕(shi)度(du)大(da),由(you)此(ci)造(zao)成(cheng)大(da)量(liang)的(de)霧(wu)氣(qi)在(zai)蔬(shu)菜(cai)的(de)葉(ye)片(pian)上(shang)及(ji)果(guo)實(shi)表(biao)麵(mian)凝(ning)結(jie),易(yi)出(chu)現(xian)結(jie)露(lu)現(xian)象(xiang)。針(zhen)對(dui)這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang),通(tong)風(feng)應(ying)該(gai)循(xun)序(xu)漸(jian)進(jin)地(di)進(jin)行(xing)。在(zai)晴(qing)天(tian)剛(gang)揭(jie)開(kai)草(cao)苫(shan)時(shi),棚(peng)內(nei)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)濃(nong)度(du)最(zui)高(gao),為(wei)保(bao)證(zheng)棚(peng)內(nei)蔬(shu)菜(cai)對(dui)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu),不(bu)使(shi)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)因(yin)通(tong)風(feng)造(zao)成(cheng)浪(lang)費(fei),這(zhe)時(shi)不(bu)要(yao)急(ji)於(yu)通(tong)風(feng),而(er)應(ying)在(zai)揭(jie)開(kai)草(cao)苫(shan)後(hou)1xiaoshizaitongfeng。tongfengshixiankaixiaokou,zheshidezhuyaomudeshihuanmanpaichupengneideshiqi,fangzhiguoshibiaomiandelushuijijuganzaodaozhilieguo。suizhepengneiwendudeshenggao,zaizhujianjiangtongfengkoujiada,yiliyupengwaieryanghuatanjinrupengnei,cujinshucaideguanghezuoyong。daoxiawuyebuyaoyicixingjiangtongfengkouguanbi,yinweitongfengkouguanbihoupengneidewenduyouhuishangsheng,zheyangfugaicaoshanhourongyidaozhiyewenguogao,jiadazhizhuduiyepianzhizaoyoujiwuzhidehuxixiaohao。yingzhujianjiangtongfengkouguanbi,kexianjiangtongfengkouguanbiyiban,30分鍾後完全關閉通風口。也可先將通風口關閉,然後再將通風口打開通風降溫10~15分鍾,如此重複兩次,當棚內溫度穩定在15℃左右時即可將通風口完全關閉。
如果遇到連陰天,外界溫度較低時,大棚應以保溫為主,但不可因此不通風。如果不通風,棚內濕度過大,就會為病害的浸染、傳播提供條件。
通風應在中午12時至下午2時進行,將通風口開到寬10厘米即可,每次通風10~15分鍾,每20~30分鍾通風1次,連續通風2~3次即可起到很好的降濕作用。
細節二:增光是必須的
jinrudongjiyihou,guangzhaobuzujiuchengweiyingxiangshucaichanliangtigaodezhongyaoyuanyin。duoshucainongdouzhidaozaipengneishezhifanguangmuyouliyushucaideshengchang。danshiyoudecainongjiangfanguangmuguadetaidi,shucaizhizhurongyijiangguangdangzhu,daozhifanguangmudeshiyongxiaoguocha。zaizhangguafanguangmushi,yingjiangkuan1~1.2米的反光幕掛在後牆1.7米高的地方。不可將整個棚的後牆都懸掛反光幕,以防降低後牆的儲熱量。
像黃瓜、絲瓜等需要較強光照的蔬菜,可在棚內安裝專門的補光燈,補光2~3小時,延長蔬菜的見光時間,以促進蔬菜有機物質的積累,提高產量。
細節三:棚內懸掛濕度計
控製濕度是冬季大棚蔬菜管理的重點之一。現在,不少菜農知道棚內濕度在70%~80%是shi比bi較jiao合he適shi的de。但dan因yin為wei很hen多duo棚peng內nei沒mei有you懸xuan掛gua濕shi度du計ji,菜cai農nong不bu能neng準zhun確que把ba握wo棚peng內nei濕shi度du,導dao致zhi病bing害hai多duo發fa。因yin此ci,應ying在zai棚peng內nei懸xuan掛gua濕shi度du計ji,這zhe一yi點dian對dui於yu種zhong菜cai新xin手shou來lai說shuo尤you為wei重zhong要yao。當dang棚peng內nei濕shi度du過guo大da時shi,菜cai農nong除chu可ke通tong過guo通tong風feng降jiang濕shi外wai,還hai可ke向xiang地di麵mian撒sa施shi草cao木mu灰hui降jiang濕shi。
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