fanqieguopishengchangsuduyuguorouzuzhipengdasudubutongbu,guoshipengyazengda,shichuxianlieguodezhijieyuanyin。zaiguoshifayujianquchengshushi,guopishengchanghuanmanhuoquyutingzhi,erguoroujixushengchang,zuirongyifashenglieguoxianxiang。butongpinzhongshenglilieguofashengchengduchayihenmingxian。
番茄生長期間溫度過高或過低、水分管理不當以及缺素等,是引起番茄生理性裂果的主要原因。
水分:番茄果實發育後期或轉色期,長時間高溫、幹(gan)旱(han)過(guo)後(hou)突(tu)然(ran)遇(yu)暴(bao)雨(yu)或(huo)者(zhe)澆(jiao)水(shui),果(guo)肉(rou)組(zu)織(zhi)在(zai)短(duan)期(qi)內(nei)急(ji)速(su)吸(xi)水(shui)膨(peng)大(da),容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)裂(lie)果(guo)。植(zhi)株(zhu)打(da)頂(ding)過(guo)重(zhong),果(guo)實(shi)在(zai)烈(lie)日(ri)下(xia)暴(bao)曬(shai)後(hou)突(tu)然(ran)澆(jiao)水(shui),常(chang)發(fa)生(sheng)裂(lie)果(guo)。在(zai)連(lian)續(xu)陰(yin)雨(yu)雪(xue)天(tian)氣(qi)之(zhi)後(hou),突(tu)然(ran)放(fang)晴(qing),果(guo)皮(pi)過(guo)度(du)失(shi)水(shui),也(ye)容(rong)易(yi)出(chu)現(xian)裂(lie)果(guo)。棚(peng)室(shi)番(fan)茄(qie)生(sheng)產(chan)上(shang),定(ding)植(zhi)活(huo)棵(ke)後(hou),為(wei)防(fang)止(zhi)番(fan)茄(qie)徒(tu)長(chang),前(qian)期(qi)一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)澆(jiao)水(shui),但(dan)應(ying)保(bao)持(chi)土(tu)壤(rang)濕(shi)潤(run),結(jie)果(guo)以(yi)後(hou)應(ying)經(jing)常(chang)澆(jiao)水(shui),保(bao)持(chi)土(tu)壤(rang)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)在(zai)80%左右,避免土壤過幹過濕。
溫度:番茄生長的適宜溫度是18-25℃。日平均溫度降低到13℃時,依然可緩慢生長。降低到13℃以下,營養生長極緩慢,營養過剩使花芽分化過度,常造成果實發育異常,形成畸形果。溫度低於8℃,綠lv熟shu果guo會hui受shou到dao冷leng害hai,局ju部bu或huo全quan部bu水shui浸jin狀zhuang軟ruan爛lan或huo蒂di部bu開kai裂lie,表biao麵mian出chu現xian褐he色se小xiao圓yuan斑ban,不bu能neng正zheng常chang完wan熟shu,易yi染ran病bing腐fu爛lan。低di溫wen條tiao件jian下xia,尤you其qi是shi冬dong春chun棚peng室shi番fan茄qie,會hui因yin授shou粉fen不bu良liang引yin起qi果guo實shi畸ji形xing和he開kai裂lie。白bai天tian溫wen度du長chang時shi間jian超chao過guo35℃,huayafenhuabuliang,huozhebunengzhengchangshoufen,yehuiyinqilieguo。dongjihanleng,zhouyewenchaguoda,fanqieguopiyuguorourezhanglengsuochayida,kedaozhiyixiebopipinzhongchuxianlieguo。zaidapengfanqieshengchanshang,yingkongzhihaoshidangdewendu,bimianwenduguogaohuoguodi,hanlengjijiehaiyaozhuyizhouyewenchabunengtaida。
缺素:缺硼會導致番茄果麵出現木栓狀龜裂。這種情況不僅僅在土壤缺硼時才會發生。在陣雨、暴雨或澆大水後,或溫度過高、過低時,番茄根係等出現生理機能障礙,鈣、硼元素的吸收及其在體內的運轉會受到影響,引起缺硼,出現裂果。鈣、硼缺乏,會損害花芽,導致以後裂果。因此,等出現大量裂果後再補施硼、鈣gai,並bing不bu能neng立li即ji製zhi止zhi裂lie果guo出chu現xian。生sheng產chan上shang應ying根gen據ju番fan茄qie的de需xu肥fei特te點dian,測ce土tu配pei方fang施shi肥fei或huo施shi用yong番fan茄qie專zhuan用yong肥fei,促cu進jin植zhi株zhu穩wen健jian生sheng長chang,果guo實shi膨peng大da後hou不bu偏pian施shi氮dan肥fei。發fa現xian缺que素su時shi,可ke以yi用yong96%硫酸銅1000倍液加0.1%硫酸鋅、0.7%氯化鈣、0.1%硼砂噴灑,10-15天一次,連噴2-3次。
另外,番茄苗一般應在70-80rilingqiandingzhi,miaolingguochang,zaiyizhizaipeitiaojianxiahuayayimushuanhua,yihoujiedeguoshiyikailie。jisuzhanguoshiyongyaofangfabudang,yepianheshengchangdianshoudaoyaowuwuran;或者激素濃度過高,植株生長受到影響,也會使番茄葉片卷曲,果實畸形或開裂。
genjuzhujianfanyingdeqingkuang,kaolvdaojinqiwoshengchangshijiandiwenyuxuetianduo,jiashangtafanyingfanqiezhizhuzaixuehoubaoqingdeqingkuangxiayouqingdujuanyezhengzhuang,erqiejinbaimudidefanqiejunchuxianbutongchengdudelieguoxianxiang,jibenshangkeyipanduanfanqielieguoyuchangshijiandiwenyuxuetianyouguan,pengneiwenshiduguanlishanggujiyeyoubudangzhichu。
番fan茄qie生sheng理li性xing卷juan葉ye常chang由you不bu良liang環huan境jing條tiao件jian和he管guan理li措cuo施shi不bu當dang引yin起qi。棚peng室shi番fan茄qie生sheng產chan上shang為wei防fang止zhi棚peng室shi內nei濕shi度du過guo高gao引yin發fa病bing害hai,常chang過guo於yu強qiang調tiao降jiang低di濕shi度du,造zao成cheng空kong氣qi幹gan燥zao,土tu壤rang缺que水shui,容rong易yi出chu現xian卷juan葉ye現xian象xiang。長chang時shi間jian連lian續xu陰yin雨yu或huo低di溫wen寡gua照zhao後hou暴bao晴qing,也ye會hui引yin起qi番fan茄qie失shi水shui卷juan葉ye。
對(dui)上(shang)述(shu)裂(lie)果(guo)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)番(fan)茄(qie),重(zhong)點(dian)應(ying)加(jia)強(qiang)棚(peng)內(nei)溫(wen)濕(shi)度(du)管(guan)理(li),促(cu)進(jin)植(zhi)株(zhu)恢(hui)複(fu)生(sheng)長(chang)。以(yi)後(hou)在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)預(yu)防(fang)番(fan)茄(qie)生(sheng)理(li)裂(lie)果(guo),應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)培(pei)育(yu)壯(zhuang)苗(miao),適(shi)時(shi)定(ding)植(zhi);精細整地,增施有機肥和磷鉀肥;加強棚內溫濕度管理,促進根係發育,提高植株抗逆能力。可能的情況下注意選用皮厚、抗裂的品種,也有利於減輕裂果的發生。
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