枇杷在我國已有2000多年栽培曆史,主要產區是浙江、福建、四(si)川(chuan)等(deng)省(sheng)。枇(pi)杷(pa)初(chu)夏(xia)成(cheng)熟(shu),正(zheng)值(zhi)水(shui)果(guo)淡(dan)季(ji)。枇(pi)杷(pa)果(guo)肉(rou)柔(rou)軟(ruan)多(duo)汁(zhi),風(feng)味(wei)鮮(xian)美(mei),營(ying)養(yang)豐(feng)富(fu),市(shi)場(chang)暢(chang)銷(xiao)。不(bu)僅(jin)是(shi)鮮(xian)食(shi)佳(jia)果(guo),也(ye)可(ke)加(jia)工(gong)罐(guan)頭(tou),暢(chang)銷(xiao)國(guo)外(wai)。因(yin)此(ci),枇(pi)杷(pa)是(shi)水(shui)果(guo)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)調(tiao)整(zheng)頭(tou)選(xuan)果(guo)樹(shu)之(zhi)一(yi)。枇(pi)杷(pa)又(you)是(shi)薔(qiang)薇(wei)科(ke)常(chang)綠(lv)喬(qiao)木(mu),樹(shu)冠(guan)整(zheng)齊(qi),葉(ye)茂(mao)花(hua)繁(fan),秋(qiu)冬(dong)開(kai)花(hua),花(hua)期(qi)長(chang)達(da)100多天,清香多蜜。故是很好的生態、環保樹種和蜜源植物。
在建立優質豐產枇杷園時首先要抓好良種關。適應我市推廣的枇杷良種有:
1、軟條白沙:gaipinzhongshiyuhangdemingtepipaliangzhong。shuguankaizhang,cengxingmingxian,zhixierruan,yexiao,chengguangdaopizhenxing。rongyixingchenghuaya,huasuijiaoxiao。kaihuajiaozao,huaqijiaoduan。guozhongda,chengzhengyuanxing。guomianfenbailvedaihuangse,guoroujiebairounen,hantang17%。汁液極豐易化渣,品質絕佳,6月上旬成熟。
2、大紅袍:shiwoshengdetuiguangpinzhong。shuguankaizhang,chengbianyuantouxing。yexiao,chengchangtuoyuandaopizhenxing。rongyixingchenghuaya,huasuizhongdengda。kaihuajiaochi,huaqichang。guoda,yuanxing,guomianguorouchenghongse,zhiyezhongdeng,tianduosuanshao,hantang14%。品質上等,6月初成熟。本品種較耐寒,果大、美觀、品質優。在高水平的栽培管理下,表現優質豐產。
3、洛陽青:目mu前qian是shi黃huang岩yan的de主zhu栽zai品pin種zhong。樹shu冠guan半ban開kai張zhang,中zhong心xin主zhu幹gan不bu明ming顯xian,枝zhi斜xie展zhan。葉ye中zhong等deng大da,呈cheng披pi針zhen形xing。果guo實shi中zhong大da,果guo麵mian橙cheng黃huang色se,果guo肉rou橙cheng紅hong色se,肉rou質zhi較jiao粗cu,汁zhi液ye中zhong等deng,酸suan甜tian適shi度du。在zai黃huang岩yan5月下旬成熟。
在建園時,要選擇好適宜枇杷種植的園區,做好科學定植技術工作。主要要抓好:
1、zhongzhideyuanquyaoshiyizhongzhipipa。pipaxihuanwennuan,tadongjikaihua,ruguoguoleng,huaheyouguoyishoudong。yinci,shanqujianyuanyaoxuanzezuobeichaonandexiaoqihouhaodeshanpodi。pingdijianyuanyaozhuzhongpaishuilianghao,dixiashuiweididetianfan。pipayuanyaoqiutucengshenhou,shusongdeshazhirangtuhuolizhiturang,turangyaofeiwo,sizhouwuwurandegongyeyuan,jiaotongfangbian。
2、適宜的種植密度。在我市枇杷栽培分露地栽培和避雨保溫促成栽培。采用前者栽培的枇杷園,可適當稀植,株行距采用5×4米或4×3米。采用後者栽培的枇杷園,可采用寬行密株方法,株行距為3×3米或3×2.5米。
3、大穴大肥大苗種植:枇杷的種植穴宜挖100厘米見方,80厘米深的大穴。底肥每株施牛欄肥40公斤加1公斤鈣鎂磷肥。底肥要與表麵肥土充分混合後複土定植穴內,定植墩要高出地麵20-30厘米,150厘(li)米(mi)見(jian)圓(yuan)。枇(pi)杷(pa)苗(miao)要(yao)選(xuan)用(yong)一(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)嫁(jia)接(jie)壯(zhuang)苗(miao),品(pin)種(zhong)純(chun)正(zheng),無(wu)檢(jian)疫(yi)性(xing)及(ji)其(qi)它(ta)病(bing)害(hai),根(gen)係(xi)完(wan)好(hao)的(de)優(you)質(zhi)大(da)苗(miao)種(zhong)植(zhi)。本(ben)地(di)苗(miao)宜(yi)帶(dai)土(tu)移(yi)栽(zai),種(zhong)後(hou)需(xu)要(yao)用(yong)15%的腐熟人糞尿活根。外地苗要剪葉後種植,種後不能用清水糞活根,以利成活。
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