畸形果是扁平瓜、歪瓜、huluguadezongcheng。xiguazaiguoshifayuguochengzhong,yudaobuliangqihoutiaojianhuozaipeijishubudangrongyixingchengjixingguoshi,shichanliangheshangpinxingjiangdi,zhijieyingxiangnongmindeshouyi。
一、扁平瓜:主zhu要yao發fa生sheng在zai圓yuan果guo形xing品pin種zhong,因yin西xi瓜gua果guo實shi縱zong徑jing發fa育yu速su度du不bu均jun衡heng所suo致zhi。西xi瓜gua果guo實shi發fa育yu的de特te點dian是shi前qian期qi以yi縱zong向xiang發fa育yu為wei主zhu,中zhong後hou期qi以yi橫heng向xiang發fa育yu為wei主zhu。如ru果guo果guo實shi發fa育yu前qian期qi氣qi溫wen較jiao低di,果guo實shi縱zong向xiang發fa育yu速su度du緩huan慢man,難nan以yi達da到dao應ying有you的de發fa育yu速su度du,果guo實shi發fa育yu中zhong後hou期qi氣qi溫wen適shi宜yi,果guo實shi橫heng向xiang發fa育yu速su度du加jia速su,從cong而er形xing成cheng橫heng徑jing大da於yu縱zong徑jing的de扁bian平ping果guo實shi。扁bian平ping瓜gua的de外wai部bu特te征zheng是shi果guo肩jian部bu較jiao寬kuan,果guo蒂di部bu呈cheng凹ao陷xian狀zhuang,內nei部bu特te點dian是shi果guo皮pi變bian厚hou,瓜gua瓤rang出chu現xian空kong心xin,纖xian維wei增zeng多duo。
二、歪瓜:又叫偏頭瓜,是指西瓜一側充分膨大,另一側發育不良的果實。歪瓜的形成原因主要有兩種:一是西瓜花芽分化期(1-5片真葉期)遇yu到dao低di溫wen形xing成cheng畸ji形xing花hua,而er畸ji形xing花hua必bi將jiang發fa育yu成cheng畸ji形xing果guo實shi。二er是shi開kai花hua坐zuo果guo期qi間jian授shou粉fen授shou精jing不bu良liang,致zhi使shi果guo實shi中zhong種zhong子zi分fen布bu不bu均jun,種zhong子zi多duo的de部bu位wei,果guo皮pi瓜gua瓤rang相xiang應ying膨peng大da,沒mei有you種zhong子zi部bu位wei,果guo實shi發fa育yu較jiao慢man,從cong而er形xing成cheng歪wai瓜gua。
三、葫蘆瓜:長形果或橢圓形果品種容易發生。其特點是果肩部(臨近果柄處)沒有充分發育,而果實中部和果蒂部發育正常,形成一頭大一頭小的果實。其形成原因是結果前期、中zhong期qi肥fei水shui不bu足zu,尤you其qi是shi缺que水shui,植zhi株zhu生sheng長chang不bu良liang,墜zhui秧yang,病bing蟲chong害hai等deng,使shi幼you果guo發fa育yu嚴yan重zhong受shou阻zu。而er果guo實shi發fa育yu中zhong後hou期qi條tiao件jian改gai善shan,果guo實shi又you迅xun速su發fa育yu形xing成cheng葫hu蘆lu形xing。預yu防fang措cuo施shi在zai果guo實shi退tui毛mao後hou及ji時shi澆jiao膨peng瓜gua水shui,結jie合he追zhui施shi催cui瓜gua肥fei。
雖然各類畸形果的形成原因略有差異,但其共同特點是在花芽分化期或雌花發育期經受低溫,易形成畸形花而發育成畸形果;開花坐果期遇到高溫、幹旱,花粉發芽率降低,致使授粉不良,果實膨大期肥水不足或偏施氮肥,土壤中氮、磷、鉀失衡,留瓜節位過低或過高,影響同化物質對果實的供應;人(ren)工(gong)授(shou)粉(fen)技(ji)術(shu)失(shi)誤(wu),進(jin)行(xing)偏(pian)斜(xie)授(shou)粉(fen),病(bing)蟲(chong)危(wei)害(hai),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)病(bing)毒(du)病(bing)危(wei)害(hai)等(deng),均(jun)可(ke)導(dao)致(zhi)畸(ji)形(xing)果(guo)形(xing)成(cheng),應(ying)針(zhen)對(dui)具(ju)體(ti)情(qing)況(kuang),采(cai)取(qu)相(xiang)應(ying)措(cuo)施(shi)進(jin)行(xing)防(fang)止(zhi)。
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