(1)用(yong)於(yu)果(guo)樹(shu)自(zi)根(gen)苗(miao)的(de)培(pei)養(yang)。所(suo)謂(wei)自(zi)根(gen)苗(miao),就(jiu)是(shi)發(fa)揮(hui)挖(wa)掘(jue)材(cai)料(liao)自(zi)生(sheng)的(de)生(sheng)根(gen)能(neng)力(li),形(xing)成(cheng)與(yu)植(zhi)株(zhu)直(zhi)接(jie)聯(lian)係(xi)的(de)自(zi)生(sheng)根(gen)根(gen)係(xi)。通(tong)常(chang)果(guo)樹(shu)大(da)多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)嫁(jia)接(jie)方(fang)法(fa),利(li)用(yong)的(de)是(shi)砧(zhen)木(mu)的(de)根(gen)係(xi),這(zhe)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)在(zai)傳(chuan)統(tong)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)難(nan)以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)像(xiang)桃(tao)梅(mei)李(li)杏(xing)櫻(ying)桃(tao)板(ban)栗(li)楊(yang)梅(mei)枇(pi)杷(pa)芒(mang)果(guo)荔(li)枝(zhi)龍(long)眼(yan)等(deng)枝(zhi)條(tiao)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)自(zi)發(fa)根(gen),既(ji)使(shi)有(you)些(xie)在(zai)精(jing)細(xi)的(de)人(ren)工(gong)管(guan)理(li)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)也(ye)能(neng)生(sheng)根(gen),但(dan)成(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)與(yu)種(zhong)苗(miao)的(de)商(shang)品(pin)性(xing)較(jiao)低(di),達(da)不(bu)到(dao)產(chan)業(ye)化(hua)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)。而(er)利(li)用(yong)快(kuai)繁(fan)技(ji)術(shu)可(ke)以(yi)讓(rang)上(shang)述(shu)的(de)這(zhe)些(xie)品(pin)種(zhong)枝(zhi)段(duan)或(huo)帶(dai)葉(ye)的(de)離(li)體(ti)材(cai)料(liao)在(zai)短(duan)期(qi)內(nei)生(sheng)根(gen),形(xing)成(cheng)自(zi)根(gen)苗(miao)的(de)不(bu)定(ding)根(gen)根(gen)係(xi),如(ru)桃(tao)梅(mei)李(li)杏(xing)櫻(ying)桃(tao)這(zhe)些(xie)核(he)果(guo)類(lei)果(guo)樹(shu),在(zai)快(kuai)繁(fan)苗(miao)床(chuang)內(nei),讓(rang)一(yi)葉(ye)一(yi)芽(ya)或(huo)帶(dai)葉(ye)枝(zhi)段(duan)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)在(zai)15-20天內生根,30天內就可移栽的效果;板栗楊梅枇杷芒果荔枝龍眼等難生根的果樹也可達到30-45天生根移栽的效果;這樣就可以大大縮短在常規下要1-2年nian的de育yu苗miao周zhou期qi,大da大da加jia快kuai新xin品pin種zhong的de推tui廣guang速su度du。而er且qie上shang述shu品pin種zhong采cai用yong非fei試shi管guan快kuai繁fan後hou不bu僅jin對dui於yu開kai花hua結jie果guo生sheng長chang特te性xing沒mei有you影ying響xiang,還hai具ju有you更geng好hao的de早zao果guo豐feng產chan性xing。這zhe些xie品pin種zhong在zai傳chuan統tong嫁jia接jie育yu苗miao情qing況kuang下xia,基ji本ben上shang是shi利li用yong本ben砧zhen進jin行xing嫁jia接jie,所suo以yi采cai用yong快kuai繁fan後hou在zai抗kang逆ni性xing上shang不bu會hui有you變bian化hua,可ke以yi直zhi接jie取qu枝zhi葉ye進jin行xing快kuai繁fan。
(2)shiyongyuyizhenleipinzhongdekuaifan。duiyuyizhenleideguoshupinzhong,rupingguolihuoyixiexuliyongzhenmuteshukangxingdeputaopinzhong,keyijinxingjiajiekuaifanfa,birupingguoyulishiliyongaihuazhenjinxingaihuahuozheliyongzhenmutigaokangbingxingyuzengqiangturangqihoushiyingxingdepinzhong,haiyouyixieshengchangshiyukanghanxingjiaochadeputaopinzhong,ruzhijiekuaifanshiqulezhenmuduipinzhongdeyouhuaxunhuazuoyong,yijiteyouxingzhuangdebiaoxian,ruliyongbeidazhenmutigaobeifangdiquputaodekanghanlengxingyuyixiediqudekangxianchongxing,liyongjufengzhegechangshiqiangdepinzhongzuozhenmu,tigaochangshiruodetengrenputaodeshengchangshi,yishixiandaguodafeizaipei。zhexiexutongguozhenmuxingzhuanglaiyouhuapinzhongtexingdeguoshuzhonglei,keyicaiyongjiajiekuaifanfa。suoweijiajiekuaifanjiushitongshiquxiazhenmuzhiduanyuliangzhongzhiya,caiyongguoshujiajiedefangfajinxingjiekoubangfujiehe,zaibazhegelitijiajiecailiaokuaifanyumiaochuang,shixianjiekouyuheyuzhenmuqiekoushenggentongbujinxingdejishumude,zhezhongfangfasuizengjialejiajiecaozuogongxu,danzaiyumiaosuduhaishikeyidadaozhijiekuaifandexiaoguo,tebiezaizaijisuanjikongzhidekuaifanmiaochuangnei,jiekoudeyushanghuigengkuaigenghao。
(3)單dan位wei麵mian積ji利li用yong率lv大da大da提ti高gao。通tong過guo上shang述shu這zhe兩liang種zhong方fang法fa的de結jie合he,幾ji乎hu實shi現xian了le所suo有you果guo樹shu種zhong類lei的de快kuai速su繁fan殖zhi成cheng苗miao問wen題ti。育yu苗miao效xiao率lv與yu速su度du大da大da提ti高gao,管guan理li成cheng本ben大da大da下xia降jiang,在zai培pei育yu密mi度du上shang通tong常chang一yi個ge平ping方fang米mi一yi批pi就jiu可ke繁fan育yu400-1000株,以葉片不重疊為準。再加上一年可以培育至少5-6批,這樣單位每平方米麵積上的育苗量就幾何級地超過了傳統大田育苗量,可達幾千株,甚至上萬株,一個240平方的標準快繁苗床,年可培育果樹苗木量達50-100萬株,這樣的高密度工廠化自動化育苗技術的實施,大大降低了生產勞動力成本,是一種當前最為有效與快速的工廠化育苗技術。
(4)caiyongzigenmiaokeyitiqianguoshudejieguofengchanqi。zaizhefangmiandeyanjiuyutansuoguowaiqibuhenzao,tebieshitaiwanyuriben,zaitaoshusheshizaipeijigaomiduzaipeihuanjingxiadouyikaishipujiyutuiguangwuxingzigenmiao,tajuyoubijiajiemiaogengqiangdezaoguoxing,erqiebudinggendegenxi,gengyouliyushuguandekongzhi,dangqiandouzaituiguangxiangenzaipeihuojiaogenyuzaipeidejishutixixia,tuiguangyunyongkuaifanwuxingzigenmiaogengjujishuyoushi,budinggendexugengenxizaipeihou,xingchengdeshuguangengweikaizhang,shengchangdezhitiaotuchangwuxiaozhigengshao,dadaohenhaodeaihuakongguanzhixiaoguo,zaitaoshulishushangyunyongzigenmiaojianyuan,qianqi7年中的產量大大高於嫁接苗[,其它品種也一樣,都具有很強的早果性表現[6]。以色列用於這種苗進行畝栽3000-4000株的草地桃園栽培,可以使次年產量達畝產5000公斤以上,充分利用了果園早期的空間,提高了早期效益。
(5)shixiantuodumiaodedichengbenkuofanzengzhi。shixiantuodumiaodedichengbenshengchan,dangqianfadaguojiadalituixingpingguoputaocaomeizaodengtuodumiaojishu,tebieshipingguoshangyunyongyijiweiguangfan,danwoguoshengchanlishuipingdixia,peiyuyutuiguanggaochengbendetuodumiaohaicunzaishichangyujishuwenti。danruguojiehekuaifanjishushishigelikuaifan,keyidichengbendipeiyuchudaliangtuodumiao,biturangziranhuanjingyumiaojuyougengqiangdekecaozuoxing。caozuoshangzhixucongyizupeituodudemubenzhizhushangquxialiticailiao,zaikuaifanyuyongfangchongwanggejuedekuaifanmiaochuanghuanjingxiajinxingcuigenyumiao,jiukepeiyuchutuodujidaimiao,zaiduijidaimiaojinxinggelizengzhipeiyang,jiushicaiyonggelihuanjingxiadeyingyangyezaipei,rangqizhishaokuaisushengchang,zaixunhuanquzhikuaifan,dadaotuodumiaodejihebeizengxiaoguo。zhezhongfangfapeiyudetuodumiaochengbenjidi,zhixuchuantongzupeituodumiaode1/10-1/20成本,便於生產推廣運用,對於倡導普及脫毒苗技術具有很大的促進作用。
(6)用yong於yu草cao地di果guo園yuan建jian設she用yong苗miao。草cao地di果guo園yuan建jian設she時shi采cai用yong快kuai繁fan自zi根gen苗miao更geng顯xian技ji術shu優you勢shi,因yin草cao地di果guo園yuan收shou獲huo後hou需xu采cai取qu特te有you的de台tai刈yi或huo重zhong截jie方fang法fa以yi控kong製zhi樹shu體ti的de滋zi長chang,果guo園yuan的de鬱yu閉bi;而(er)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)嫁(jia)接(jie)苗(miao)常(chang)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)台(tai)刈(yi)後(hou)砧(zhen)木(mu)旺(wang)長(chang),影(ying)響(xiang)樹(shu)冠(guan)快(kuai)速(su)恢(hui)複(fu)與(yu)增(zeng)強(qiang)田(tian)間(jian)抹(mo)萌(meng)去(qu)梢(shao)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)量(liang),所(suo)以(yi)國(guo)外(wai)大(da)多(duo)草(cao)地(di)果(guo)園(yuan)的(de)建(jian)設(she)用(yong)苗(miao)要(yao)采(cai)用(yong)沒(mei)有(you)砧(zhen)木(mu)的(de)自(zi)根(gen)苗(miao)。
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