youyuduinongyaodechangqifanfushiyonghuolanyong,muqianyiyouduozhongnongyaozaifangzhizhiwubingchonghaishichuxianyaoxiaojiantui,shenzhiwuxiaodexianxiang。weilejianxiaokangyaoxingdefasheng,shiyongnongyaoshiyingzhuyiyixiajidian:
交(jiao)替(ti)使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)。交(jiao)替(ti)用(yong)藥(yao)就(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)某(mou)一(yi)植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)內(nei),交(jiao)替(ti)使(shi)用(yong)作(zuo)用(yong)機(ji)製(zhi)完(wan)全(quan)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)農(nong)藥(yao)。它(ta)不(bu)但(dan)能(neng)提(ti)高(gao)防(fang)治(zhi)效(xiao)果(guo),而(er)且(qie)還(hai)能(neng)延(yan)緩(huan)某(mou)種(zhong)優(you)良(liang)農(nong)藥(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)年(nian)限(xian)。如(ru)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)有(you)有(you)機(ji)磷(lin)製(zhi)劑(ji)、擬除蟲菊酯製劑、氨基甲酸酯製劑、有機氯製劑、生sheng物wu製zhi劑ji幾ji大da類lei,其qi作zuo用yong機ji製zhi各ge有you不bu同tong。同tong一yi類lei製zhi劑ji中zhong的de農nong藥yao品pin種zhong也ye可ke以yi互hu相xiang換huan用yong,但dan必bi須xu查zha明ming它ta們men之zhi間jian是shi否fou存cun在zai交jiao互hu抗kang性xing。例li如ru蚜ya蟲chong對dui樂le果guo產chan生sheng了le抗kang性xing以yi後hou,敵di敵di畏wei也ye就jiu不bu能neng用yong了le,因yin為wei蚜ya蟲chong也ye會hui對dui敵di敵di畏wei產chan生sheng抗kang性xing。但dan是shi可ke以yi選xuan用yong殺sha螟ming鬆song。在zai殺sha菌jun劑ji中zhong,一yi般ban內nei吸xi殺sha菌jun劑ji比bi較jiao容rong易yi引yin起qi抗kang藥yao性xing,如ru苯ben並bing咪mi唑zuo類lei殺sha菌jun劑ji(多菌靈、托布津等)、抗生素類殺菌劑等。但觸殺性殺菌劑不大容易引起抗藥性,因此是較好的輪換組合。象代森類、無機硫製劑類、銅製劑類都是較好的輪用品種。
科(ke)學(xue)混(hun)用(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)。把(ba)作(zuo)用(yong)方(fang)式(shi)和(he)機(ji)製(zhi)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)藥(yao)劑(ji)混(hun)合(he)使(shi)用(yong),也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)減(jian)緩(huan)抗(kang)藥(yao)性(xing)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng),而(er)且(qie)還(hai)能(neng)兼(jian)治(zhi)多(duo)種(zhong)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai),增(zeng)強(qiang)藥(yao)效(xiao),減(jian)少(shao)農(nong)藥(yao)用(yong)量(liang),降(jiang)低(di)成(cheng)本(ben)。例(li)如(ru)對(dui)菊(ju)酯(zhi)農(nong)藥(yao)產(chan)生(sheng)抗(kang)藥(yao)性(xing)後(hou),將(jiang)有(you)機(ji)磷(lin)和(he)菊(ju)酯(zhi)農(nong)藥(yao)混(hun)合(he)使(shi)用(yong),可(ke)對(dui)害(hai)蟲(chong)的(de)抗(kang)藥(yao)性(xing)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)抑(yi)製(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)。另(ling)外(wai),如(ru)瑞(rui)毒(du)黴(mei)素(su)與(yu)代(dai)森(sen)錳(meng)鋅(xin)混(hun)用(yong),多(duo)菌(jun)靈(ling)與(yu)滅(mie)菌(jun)丹(dan)混(hun)用(yong),都(dou)是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)成(cheng)功(gong)的(de)混(hun)用(yong)方(fang)法(fa)。一(yi)旦(dan)抗(kang)藥(yao)性(xing)出(chu)現(xian)以(yi)後(hou),改(gai)用(yong)混(hun)配(pei)製(zhi)劑(ji)往(wang)往(wang)也(ye)能(neng)奏(zou)效(xiao)。不(bu)過(guo),混(hun)合(he)使(shi)用(yong)必(bi)須(xu)科(ke)學(xue)合(he)理(li),不(bu)能(neng)盲(mang)目(mu)混(hun)用(yong)。而(er)且(qie)一(yi)種(zhong)混(hun)配(pei)農(nong)藥(yao)也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)長(chang)期(qi)單(dan)一(yi)地(di)采(cai)用(yong),必(bi)須(xu)輪(lun)換(huan)用(yong)藥(yao),否(fou)則(ze)同(tong)樣(yang)會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)抗(kang)藥(yao)性(xing),而(er)且(qie)還(hai)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)引(yin)起(qi)有(you)害(hai)生(sheng)物(wu)發(fa)生(sheng)多(duo)抗(kang)性(xing),即(ji)生(sheng)物(wu)體(ti)對(dui)多(duo)種(zhong)農(nong)藥(yao)同(tong)時(shi)產(chan)生(sheng)抗(kang)藥(yao)性(xing)。
農藥的間斷使用或停用。當一種農藥已經引發了抗藥性後,如果在一段時間內停止使用,抗藥性現象有可能逐漸減退甚至消失。
應用增效劑。增效劑能增加農藥的生物活性,提高藥效。因此,在某些農藥中加入一定量的增效劑,也可延緩或克服抗藥性的發生。
此(ci)外(wai),藥(yao)劑(ji)的(de)有(you)效(xiao)劑(ji)量(liang)和(he)沉(chen)積(ji)分(fen)布(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)性(xing)對(dui)防(fang)治(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)也(ye)至(zhi)關(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)。所(suo)以(yi),對(dui)不(bu)同(tong)植(zhi)物(wu)和(he)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)有(you)害(hai)生(sheng)物(wu),還(hai)應(ying)選(xuan)用(yong)恰(qia)當(dang)的(de)施(shi)藥(yao)技(ji)術(shu),使(shi)藥(yao)劑(ji)在(zai)植(zhi)物(wu)上(shang)的(de)沉(chen)積(ji)分(fen)布(bu)均(jun)勻(yun),從(cong)而(er)以(yi)較(jiao)少(shao)用(yong)量(liang)獲(huo)得(de)較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)防(fang)治(zhi)效(xiao)果(guo)。
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