guoyuanyongyaoshiyimenkexue,muqianshigediguoyuanyongyaodegaofengjijie,shenmebingchongyingtiqianyufang?zenyangdadaolvsehuanbaoxingfangzhi?nongyaoruhepeizhibijiaokexue?zenyangfangzhibingchonghaitouzishao,xiaoguohao?zhexiewentidoushiguonongsuoguanxindewenti。danshijiyongyaoguochengzhong,rengyouxuduowentizhidezhuyi。
重治忽視防,造成防效差。病害應以防為主,控製發病,蟲害抓關鍵期防治是基本原則。如蘋果輪紋爛果病,落花後至7yuedishibingjunranbinggaofengqi,ciqifangzhijishixiaoguohao,houqijibenshangbuyongpenyaohuoshaopenyao,kedadaobulanguodemude。danyoudeguonongqianqibulanguobupenyao,houqilanguofashengle,mengpenyao,jieguoquezhibulelanguo,sunshicanzhong。
yongyaogenzhebierenxue,buduizhengyongyao。bushaoguonongmangmuyongyao,genzhebierenxue,buguanshushangfashengshenmebingdoudashajunyao,buguanyoumeiyouchonghai,dayaojiujiashachongji。erdabufennongyaozhuanyixingqiang,wangwangzhizhenduimouyizhongbinghuochong,duiqitazewuxiao,danwulezuijiafangzhishiqi,bingqielangfeitouzi,wuranhuanjing。
加大用藥量,認為用量多了總比少了好,不科學用藥。如1.8%齊蟎素防治紅白蟎類,推薦用量為6000~8000倍液,有的果農卻加濃到2000倍液,有的還一次比一次濃度高,不僅人為造成害蟲抗藥性增強,而且生態失調,甚至造成藥害,落葉減產。
認為農藥兼治的種類越多效果越好。不少果農使用1種殺菌劑加1種(zhong)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji),總(zong)覺(jiao)得(de)不(bu)放(fang)心(xin),常(chang)將(jiang)多(duo)種(zhong)藥(yao)劑(ji)混(hun)配(pei),甚(shen)至(zhi)七(qi)八(ba)種(zhong)農(nong)藥(yao)混(hun)配(pei),誤(wu)認(ren)為(wei)這(zhe)種(zhong)藥(yao)管(guan)這(zhe)種(zhong)病(bing),那(na)種(zhong)藥(yao)管(guan)那(na)個(ge)病(bing),各(ge)負(fu)其(qi)責(ze)。其(qi)實(shi)多(duo)數(shu)農(nong)藥(yao)本(ben)身(shen)就(jiu)是(shi)複(fu)配(pei)而(er)成(cheng),有(you)的(de)混(hun)用(yong)的(de)幾(ji)種(zhong)藥(yao)卻(que)是(shi)同(tong)一(yi)作(zuo)用(yong)機(ji)理(li)。混(hun)用(yong)等(deng)於(yu)加(jia)大(da)了(le)劑(ji)量(liang),有(you)的(de)農(nong)藥(yao)酸(suan)堿(jian)中(zhong)和(he),降(jiang)低(di)藥(yao)效(xiao)或(huo)形(xing)成(cheng)不(bu)溶(rong)物(wu),導(dao)致(zhi)藥(yao)害(hai)。
重化學農藥,忽視生物農藥。不少果農一旦有病蟲就想用化學農藥防治。其實,有些病蟲用生物藥劑或誘殺要好於化學防治。
不重視農藥殘留和汙染。有些果農防治病蟲害時隻注意防治效果和眼前利益,隻要藥到病蟲除淨即可,而不管農藥對環境的汙染。
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