溫室桃樹栽培,一旦技術有誤,就會造成產量低、效益差。提高溫室桃樹的坐果率,是保證高產、增收的關鍵。根據我縣栽培經驗,果農應重點抓好以下幾項管理技術:
1.konghaowendu。yishizaishengwenqianxuxianmanzutaoshudexulengliang,zaiweidapoxiumiandeqingkuangxia,guozaokoupengshengwen,huidaozhiwenshitaoshengchangbuzhengchang,fayachi,mengyakaihuabuzhengqi,huaqijixingzuoguolvdi,huohuabukaifang,shenzhihualeikusituoluo。ershikoupenghoushengwensudubunengguokuai。zaitaomengyakaihuaguochengzhong,rushengwenguokuai,huipohuaijisuheyingyangpingheng,shiyeyayouxianshengchang,zhengduochuzangyangfen,zaochenghuadeyingyangbuliang,weiguoxianshuai,daozhizuoguolvdi。wenshitaoshutongguoxiumianhou,yibanyaojingguo44天左右逐步升溫的時間,才能開花結果。三是晝夜溫差不能過大。如果溫差過大,易引起落花和坐果不良。一般掌握每天升溫2℃~3℃,15天左右將溫度升至白天24℃左右,夜間10℃~15℃。花期白天20℃~23℃,不超過25℃。
2.控製濕度。濕度不能過高,花期空氣濕度過高,會造成授粉受精不良而落花。花期保持棚室內空氣相對濕度50%~60%。另外桃根係呼吸旺盛,需氧量大,而溫室密閉,加之地麵覆膜,土壤濕度較高、通氣性差,易引起根係嚴重缺氧,抑製了養分和水分的吸收,造成大量落花。溫室桃棚內的土壤相對濕度保持在60%~70%為wei宜yi。一yi般ban在zai扣kou棚peng前qian適shi量liang澆jiao一yi次ci水shui,待dai地di皮pi見jian幹gan,進jin行xing劃hua鋤chu後hou再zai覆fu蓋gai地di膜mo。其qi後hou如ru果guo土tu壤rang幹gan燥zao,需xu要yao補bu水shui時shi,最zui好hao采cai用yong滴di灌guan或huo穴xue灌guan,防fang止zhi大da水shui漫man灌guan,以yi免mian造zao成cheng土tu壤rang濕shi度du過guo大da,降jiang低di通tong氣qi性xing。
3.花期輔助授粉。溫室桃樹栽培,必須進行花期人工輔助授粉或放蜂,以減少落花,提高坐果率。人工輔助授粉可采取人工點授、雞毛撣滾授,兩種方法均能顯著提高坐果率。如果人工授粉或蜜蜂、壁蜂授粉不及時,也會出現授粉受精不良,造成嚴重落花落果。
4.科學施肥。溫室栽培條件下,因肥害引起的落花落果主要有:一是施用未腐熟的雞糞、quanfenhuoguoliangshiyongtansuanqingandeng,douhuishifangchudaliangdeanqi,danganqizaipengshineijileidaoyidingchengdu,zehuizaochengzhizhuzhongdu,yinqiluohualuoguo。ershiyicishifeiliangguoda,shifeiguoyujizhong,shijubufeiliaonongduguogaoeryinqishaogen。sanshishiyongliezhihuafei,yinqigenxishouhai。sishiyemianpenfeinongduguogao,zaochengfeihai。suoyishifeiyaoyichongfenfushudeyouzhiyoujifeiweizhu,jianshaohuafeideshiyongliang,jinliangshaoshihuobushitansuanqingan。shifeishi,yaokaigoushirubinglijifutu,yimiananqihuifayinqizhongdu。lingwai,huafeideshiyongyaoshaoliangduoci、分散施入。
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