手機版
五、liushisuiyishangdepengyoudoujingliletaiwanjingjidechengchangyuwuzhishenghuodebianqian，yinciwangwangxihuanduihoubeisushuodangnianshenghuoshiruhedekunku，shenpanianqingrenbumingbaizijishiruheconghuannanzhongchengchangde。zaikundunzhongchengchangderen，changyouxie「老」毛病，有些長者看到垃圾箱裏堆滿了瓶瓶罐罐等容器時，常看不慣，發牢騷地說：「想當年我小的時候，如果能夠看到垃圾箱裏有點兒瓶罐，早就搶著撿去換個幾毛零錢，哪會像現代人那麼好命，那麼浪費。」的de確que，在zai物wu質zhi生sheng活huo較jiao艱jian困kun的de年nian代dai，食shi品pin包bao裝zhuang容rong器qi雖sui然ran比bi較jiao粗cu糙cao，但dan也ye是shi稀xi少shao與yu珍zhen貴gui的de。遠yuan古gu時shi代dai，當dang人ren們men需xu要yao容rong器qi來lai裝zhuang盛sheng食shi品pin時shi，通tong常chang從cong大da自zi然ran中zhong去qu尋xun找zhao葫hu蘆lu、竹結、卷曲的大型葉片或大型貝殼。後來，逐漸有了利用自然資源加工而成的容器，如挖空的木頭、編織的草籃，甚至使用動物的器官，如牛角及胃或用皮革製成容器。大約在八千年前，人類開始懂得製造陶器，可以用來盛裝食物、貯zhu存cun食shi物wu，甚shen至zhi煮zhu熟shu食shi物wu。爾er後hou，陶tao器qi成cheng為wei食shi品pin包bao裝zhuang容rong器qi的de主zhu流liu。到dao了le三san千qian年nian前qian，由you陶tao瓷ci釉you藥yao發fa展zhan而er來lai的de玻bo璃li問wen世shi，也ye逐zhu步bu發fa展zhan成cheng容rong器qi。但dan是shi工gong業ye化hua生sheng產chan玻bo璃li容rong器qi則ze可ke能neng是shi近jin兩liang百bai年nian才cai發fa生sheng的de。
另ling一yi方fang麵mian，約yue在zai兩liang千qian年nian前qian，在zai中zhong國guo東dong漢han的de時shi候hou，蔡cai倫lun發fa明ming了le紙zhi，也ye逐zhu漸jian用yong來lai包bao裝zhuang食shi品pin。在zai金jin屬shu容rong器qi的de發fa展zhan方fang麵mian，則ze可ke以yi遠yuan溯su至zhi青qing銅tong時shi代dai，我wo們men的de老lao祖zu先xian就jiu懂dong得de利li用yong金jin屬shu材cai料liao製zhi成cheng容rong器qi，裝zhuang盛sheng食shi品pin。然ran而er以yi金jin屬shu罐guan頭tou包bao裝zhuang食shi品pin，使shi食shi物wu能neng長chang久jiu貯zhu存cun，則ze起qi始shi於yu約yue兩liang百bai年nian前qian的de英ying國guo。至zhi於yu目mu前qian在zai食shi品pin包bao裝zhuang上shang占zhan最zui重zhong要yao地di位wei的de塑su料liao則ze是shi包bao裝zhuang材cai料liao中zhong最zui年nian輕qing的de一yi類lei，在zai十shi九jiu世shi紀ji才cai初chu露lu頭tou角jiao，而er在zai50～60年前才開始逐漸發展成為食品包裝容器的主流材料。
zaiwuzhiwenminggaodufazhandejintian，shipinbaozhuangrongqichengweishenghuozhongsuichukejianqiebukehuoquedechanpin。gezhongzhizuojingmei，waiguanyinrenzhumudebaozhuangshipinchenliezaigexingmaichangdehuojiashang，wuhuabamen，changlingrenyanhualiaoluan，zaixiguanchazhexiebaozhuangcailiao，buwaihusuliao、金屬、玻璃、與紙四大類。當然，有一些材料是這四種材料結合而成的複合體，使得食品包裝容器更形多樣化。
塑料包裝容器
塑料包裝材料的興起與人們生活形態的改變息息相關。由於人口的高度成長、糧liang食shi不bu足zu的de壓ya力li日ri增zeng，使shi得de如ru何he利li用yong輕qing便bian的de包bao裝zhuang方fang式shi來lai方fang便bian食shi品pin的de貯zhu存cun與yu運yun輸shu，以yi及ji增zeng加jia食shi品pin的de保bao存cun期qi限xian，變bian得de非fei常chang重zhong要yao。而er塑su料liao包bao材cai正zheng好hao可ke以yi滿man足zu這zhe些xie需xu求qiu。
塑su料liao包bao裝zhuang材cai料liao究jiu竟jing擁yong有you哪na些xie性xing質zhi使shi得de它ta們men這zhe麼me好hao用yong？一yi般ban而er言yan，由you於yu塑su料liao的de密mi度du低di，重zhong量liang比bi金jin屬shu或huo玻bo璃li都dou輕qing很hen多duo，在zai加jia工gong或huo使shi用yong時shi比bi較jiao輕qing便bian。塑su料liao有you很hen強qiang的de韌ren性xing，不bu像xiang玻bo璃li那na麼me容rong易yi破po碎sui，不bu像xiang罐guan頭tou受shou到dao壓ya力li時shi容rong易yi凹ao陷xian，也ye不bu像xiang紙zhi那na樣yang容rong易yi被bei撕si裂lie。許xu多duo塑su料liao材cai料liao很hen容rong易yi成cheng型xing，稍shao為wei加jia熱re便bian可ke以yi使shi它ta軟ruan化hua，賦fu予yu它ta一yi定ding形xing狀zhuang，隻zhi要yao在zai溫wen度du降jiang 低後就可以定型。我們常看到水電工在接塑料水管時，用瓦斯槍稍為加熱一下就可以使塑料管軟化，任人擺布成各種形狀。
許xu多duo塑su料liao遇yu熱re易yi熔rong，使shi得de它ta很hen容rong易yi密mi封feng。在zai許xu多duo商shang店dian都dou可ke以yi看kan到dao店dian員yuan把ba食shi品pin置zhi於yu塑su料liao袋dai中zhong，用yong熱re封feng機ji一yi壓ya就jiu可ke以yi封feng袋dai，十shi分fen方fang便bian。另ling外wai，很hen重zhong要yao的de是shi，現xian在zai的de科ke技ji使shi得de塑su料liao包bao裝zhuang材cai料liao有you很hen好hao的de阻zu隔ge性xing，無wu論lun是shi水shui蒸zheng氣qi或huo氧yang氣qi都dou不bu容rong易yi透tou過guo塑su料liao容rong器qi，因yin此ci可ke以yi延yan長chang貯zhu存cun時shi間jian。
塑料是由許多所謂的「單體」gegexiangjie，juheerchengdegaofenziwuzhi。fenziliangzaiwuqiandaoshiwanzuoyou。youxiesuliaoshiyouyizhongyishangdedantigouchengde，xingchengsuoweidegongjuhewu，ernengyouteshudexingzhi。changyongyushipinbaozhuangrongqidesuliaozhongleihenduo，baokuojuyixi（polyethylene，PE），聚丙烯（polypropylene，PP），聚氯乙烯（polyvinyl chloride，PVC），聚苯乙烯（polystyrene，PS）等，性質皆不盡相同。就食品包裝容器的需求而言，最重要的性質包括強韌程度、透氧率、透水氣率、熱封性、yijinairexing。weilechanshenghehuteshuxuqiudesuliaobaozhuangcailiao，youshihouhuibabutongcaizhitieheerchengsuoweidejicengmo，shibaozhuangcailiaodezhengtixingzhigenghehuxuqiu。
金屬包裝容器
liyongjinshuzhichengguantoulaibaozhuangshipinshiyizhongjiandaneryouxiaodebaocunshipinfangshi。changyongyuzhiguandeliangzhongjinshuweimakoutiepihelv。makoutiepidezhutishitiepi。batiepizhirurongrongdexiyezhong，tongdianerbaxiduzaitiepishangzhichengsuoweidemakoutiepi。weiletigaomakoutiepidenaifushixing，batajiarechuli，shixicengyutiepicengzhijianchanshengxi—鐵合金；然(ran)後(hou)再(zai)使(shi)用(yong)鉻(ge)化(hua)合(he)物(wu)使(shi)錫(xi)層(ceng)上(shang)形(xing)成(cheng)鉻(ge)氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)，使(shi)馬(ma)口(kou)鐵(tie)皮(pi)不(bu)易(yi)被(bei)氧(yang)化(hua)而(er)變(bian)質(zhi)。最(zui)後(hou)，為(wei)了(le)馬(ma)口(kou)鐵(tie)皮(pi)的(de)表(biao)麵(mian)潤(run)滑(hua)，使(shi)它(ta)在(zai)製(zhi)造(zao)罐(guan)頭(tou)時(shi)容(rong)易(yi)操(cao)作(zuo)，並(bing)且(qie)防(fang)止(zhi)生(sheng)鏽(xiu)，又(you)塗(tu)上(shang)ㄧ層很薄的油。
yinci，kansijiandandeguantoutiepiqishijiegouyebushinamedanchun。weilejinyibufangzhishiwuzhongdechengfenzaochengguanbidefushi，makoutiepiyechangtubuyicengtuliao。genjushipindetexing，youyicituqihuoliangcituqi。tuliaoshigaofenzichengfen，ruhuanyangshuzhi、壓ya克ke力li樹shu脂zhi及ji聚ju酯zhi樹shu脂zhi等deng。塗tu漆qi後hou通tong常chang需xu經jing烘hong烤kao使shi其qi固gu定ding。鋁lv是shi一yi種zhong具ju有you良liang好hao延yan展zhan性xing的de金jin屬shu。由you於yu鋁lv與yu空kong氣qi接jie觸chu後hou很hen容rong易yi在zai表biao麵mian形xing成cheng一yi層ceng氧yang化hua鋁lv的de薄bo膜mo，因yin此ci具ju有you很hen好hao的de抗kang腐fu蝕shi性xing。但dan是shi這zhe一yi層ceng氧yang化hua鋁lv薄bo膜mo遇yu到dao鹵lu素su離li子zi，如ru食shi鹽yan中zhong的de氯lv離li子zi，易yi受shou到dao破po壞huai，因yin此ci在zai實shi務wu麵mian仍reng需xu要yao塗tu布bu一yi層ceng高gao分fen子zi薄bo膜mo以yi免mian受shou到dao食shi物wu中zhong成cheng分fen的de侵qin蝕shi。
金(jin)屬(shu)罐(guan)頭(tou)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)密(mi)封(feng)性(xing)良(liang)好(hao)，可(ke)以(yi)完(wan)整(zheng)保(bao)護(hu)食(shi)品(pin)的(de)包(bao)裝(zhuang)容(rong)器(qi)。食(shi)物(wu)放(fang)在(zai)金(jin)屬(shu)罐(guan)中(zhong)經(jing)過(guo)封(feng)罐(guan)及(ji)滅(mie)菌(jun)等(deng)程(cheng)序(xu)可(ke)以(yi)儲(chu)放(fang)數(shu)年(nian)而(er)不(bu)會(hui)腐(fu)敗(bai)。但(dan)是(shi)，現(xian)代(dai)人(ren)的(de)飲(yin)食(shi)觀(guan)念(nian)是(shi)以(yi)「新鮮」為(wei)主(zhu)流(liu)訴(su)求(qiu)，使(shi)得(de)風(feng)光(guang)一(yi)時(shi)的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)罐(guan)頭(tou)有(you)逐(zhu)漸(jian)沒(mei)落(luo)的(de)傾(qing)向(xiang)。不(bu)過(guo)，無(wu)論(lun)如(ru)何(he)，金(jin)屬(shu)罐(guan)頭(tou)在(zai)可(ke)預(yu)見(jian)的(de)將(jiang)來(lai)仍(reng)然(ran)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)相(xiang)當(dang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)食(shi)品(pin)包(bao)裝(zhuang)容(rong)器(qi)。
