容器育苗的施肥,通常是將含有一定比例的N、P、K養分的混合肥料,按1:200的濃度配成水溶液,通過灌水係統進行噴施或灌根。根據苗木各個生長期的不同要求,不斷調整N、P、K比例和施用量,以達到最佳效果。
苗木生長一般分為出苗期、幼苗期、速生期和硬化期四個階段。出苗期指幼苗剛出土的時期,從播種到幼苗地上部出現真葉、地(di)下(xia)部(bu)出(chu)現(xian)側(ce)根(gen)為(wei)止(zhi)。出(chu)苗(miao)期(qi)的(de)幼(you)苗(miao)還(hai)不(bu)能(neng)自(zi)行(xing)製(zhi)造(zao)養(yang)分(fen),其(qi)營(ying)養(yang)來(lai)源(yuan)主(zhu)要(yao)靠(kao)種(zhong)子(zi)內(nei)部(bu)貯(zhu)存(cun)的(de)營(ying)養(yang)物(wu)質(zhi)。幼(you)苗(miao)期(qi)是(shi)從(cong)幼(you)苗(miao)地(di)上(shang)部(bu)出(chu)現(xian)真(zhen)葉(ye)、dixiabushengchucegen,daoyoumiaodegaoshengchangliangdafushangshengweizhi。zheshiyoumiaoduilinhedanjiaomingan,yibanyipianshidanfeiweizhu,yicujinbaomiaohegenxishengchang。sushengqishimiaomushengchangzuiwangshengdeshiqi,congmiaomudegaoshengchangliangdafushangshengkaishi,daogaoshengchangliangdafuxiajiangweizhi。zheshishimiaomudishangbuhegenxishengchangliangzuiduodeshiqi,xuyaodefeishuizuiduo,kezengjiadanfeiyongliangjicishu,binganbilishilinjiafei,yicujindandexishouhemiaomushengchang。zaihouqiweicujinmiaomuyinghua,tigaoqikangxing,yaoshishitingshidanfei。daolemiaomudishangbuhedixiabudouzhujianmuzhihuadeyinghuaqi,yaofangzhituchang,tingzhishiyongfeiliao,tigaomiaomukangxing。
灌guan根gen一yi般ban在zai傍bang晚wan進jin行xing,溫wen度du過guo高gao時shi不bu宜yi灌guan根gen施shi肥fei。施shi用yong農nong家jia肥fei必bi須xu充chong分fen漚ou熟shu,以yi免mian燒shao苗miao,還hai可ke殺sha死si肥fei中zhong的de病bing菌jun和he害hai蟲chong卵luan。根gen外wai追zhui肥fei一yi般ban一yi周zhou1至2次,以清晨進行為好。根外追肥與根施相比,用量少,效率高,一般植物葉片8小時後
可吸收60%的(de)葉(ye)麵(mian)肥(fei)。對(dui)某(mou)些(xie)微(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)素(su),土(tu)壤(rang)施(shi)入(ru)往(wang)往(wang)無(wu)效(xiao),因(yin)此(ci),可(ke)多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)根(gen)外(wai)追(zhui)肥(fei)的(de)方(fang)式(shi),並(bing)將(jiang)兩(liang)種(zhong)追(zhui)肥(fei)方(fang)式(shi)配(pei)合(he)進(jin)行(xing)。無(wu)論(lun)哪(na)種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi),都(dou)應(ying)先(xian)淡(dan)後(hou)濃(nong),一(yi)旦(dan)發(fa)現(xian)施(shi)肥(fei)過(guo)量(liang),要(yao)盡(jin)快(kuai)灌(guan)水(shui)衝(chong)淡(dan)。
不同種類的苗木對養分的需求量不同,為達到良好的施肥效果,對不同生長期和不同種類的苗木,需要確定施肥的最佳方案。
生sheng物wu肥fei料liao對dui某mou些xie苗miao木mu的de生sheng長chang作zuo用yong明ming顯xian,如ru鬆song樹shu。不bu過guo鬆song樹shu用yong容rong器qi育yu苗miao時shi,菌jun根gen菌jun較jiao難nan傳chuan播bo,應ying進jin行xing人ren工gong接jie種zhong,將jiang有you菌jun根gen菌jun的de土tu壤rang鋪pu蓋gai在zai容rong器qi土tu壤rang表biao麵mian。一yi般ban菌jun根gen土tu應ying取qu自zi同tong種zhong鬆song樹shu根gen係xi的de周zhou圍wei。接jie種zhong時shi間jian應ying選xuan在zai鬆song樹shu種zhong子zi發fa芽ya後hou一yi個ge月yue左zuo右you,如ru過guo早zao放fang入ru,幼you苗miao側ce根gen未wei形xing成cheng,菌jun根gen菌jun沒mei有you寄ji主zhu,往wang往wang就jiu會hui失shi效xiao。但dan豆dou料liao植zhi物wu,如ru金jin合he歡huan、合歡、紫荊、紫藤等,大都有可以固氮的根瘤菌,而磷肥在很大程度上可以促進根瘤菌的發展。因此這類苗木對磷肥的要求較高,對氮肥要求較低。
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