daotiannengzhongchunmalingshuyibuxinxian,danruhezhonghaone?liyongdaotianmiangengdaocaoquanchengfugaizhongzhichunmalingshunenghuodejiaogaoxiaoyi。gaijishujiushizaidaotianmiangengdeqingkuangxia,jiangmalingshuzhongshuzhijiefangzaitumianshang,yongdaocaoquanchengfugai,bingpeiheshidangdezaipeicuoshi,jiunenghuodejiaogaodemalingshuxianshuchanliangdeyixiangxinjishu。zhexiangxinjishushengquleyiwangmalingshubozhongshihuagongjiaoduodefangeng、整地和作畦三道工序,省工節本,高產高效,管理方便,深受農戶歡迎,非常適宜在我省推廣應用。其技術要點如下。
選用早熟良種,適期提早播種
品種一般選用從東北調運的早熟馬鈴薯品種“東農303”、“中薯3號”和“克新4號”等。由於稻草覆蓋可以適當增加土表溫度,春薯的最佳播種期可提早到1月下旬至2月yue初chu,這zhe樣yang有you利li於yu爭zheng取qu高gao產chan,提ti早zao上shang市shi,增zeng加jia經jing濟ji收shou入ru。同tong時shi,提ti倡chang小xiao整zheng薯shu播bo種zhong,因yin為wei大da種zhong薯shu切qie塊kuai後hou,在zai稻dao草cao覆fu蓋gai下xia易yi引yin起qi爛lan種zhong,影ying響xiang齊qi苗miao。
合理密植,稻草全程覆蓋
由於早熟馬鈴薯生長期較短,要獲得較高的產量,必須適當提高播種密度,一般畝播種馬鈴薯6000株左右,行株距30×30厘米。播種時,將種薯芽眼向上放好,然後均勻地蓋上8-10厘米厚的稻草,稻草應鋪滿整個畦麵,不留空隙。如果稻草覆蓋的厚度少於8厘米,很有可能產生綠薯,影響商品性;覆蓋過厚(超過15厘米),則會影響出苗,部分薯芽鑽不出稻草,造成減產。
施足基肥,配施磷鉀肥
馬ma鈴ling薯shu生sheng育yu期qi短duan,需xu肥fei量liang大da,對dui磷lin鉀jia肥fei敏min感gan,同tong時shi,稻dao草cao全quan程cheng覆fu蓋gai後hou不bu能neng多duo次ci施shi用yong追zhui肥fei,因yin此ci肥fei料liao應ying一yi次ci性xing全quan部bu作zuo基ji肥fei施shi入ru,並bing配pei施shi適shi量liang磷lin鉀jia肥fei。一yi般ban每mei畝mu全quan麵mian撒sa施shi有you機ji肥fei3000公斤和三元複合肥60公(gong)斤(jin),施(shi)於(yu)穴(xue)與(yu)穴(xue)之(zhi)間(jian),避(bi)免(mian)與(yu)種(zhong)薯(shu)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu),以(yi)防(fang)傷(shang)芽(ya)。在(zai)收(shou)獲(huo)前(qian)一(yi)個(ge)月(yue),用(yong)磷(lin)酸(suan)二(er)氫(qing)鉀(jia)等(deng)葉(ye)麵(mian)肥(fei)噴(pen)施(shi)植(zhi)株(zhu)也(ye)可(ke)獲(huo)得(de)較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)增(zeng)產(chan)效(xiao)果(guo)。
加強管理,及時收獲
youyuwoshengchunjiyushuijiaoduo,malingshucongbozhongzhishouhuoqijian,yidingyaozuohaoqinggouliqugongzuo,fangzhitianjianjishuierzaochenglanshu。daotianmiangengdaocaoquanchengfugaizhongzhimalingshu,jieshubijiaojizhong,daduoshushukuaifenbuzaizhizhusizhou20厘米的範圍內,並生長在稻草下麵泥土上麵。一般在5月上旬,當馬鈴薯植株基部兩片葉發黃時,隻要將稻草撥開,揀出馬鈴薯即可。同時,在4月yue中zhong下xia旬xun馬ma鈴ling薯shu價jia格ge較jiao高gao時shi,可ke以yi撥bo開kai稻dao草cao先xian收shou獲huo大da的de馬ma鈴ling薯shu塊kuai出chu售shou,較jiao小xiao的de薯shu塊kuai可ke覆fu蓋gai上shang原yuan來lai的de稻dao草cao,到dao合he適shi的de季ji節jie收shou獲huo,以yi增zeng加jia經jing濟ji收shou入ru。
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