番茄嫁接方法有多種,如用斜切接、劈接和舌靠接等3種(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)嫁(jia)接(jie)方(fang)法(fa)。通(tong)過(guo)實(shi)驗(yan)對(dui)比(bi)研(yan)究(jiu)表(biao)明(ming),以(yi)舌(she)靠(kao)接(jie)是(shi)最(zui)佳(jia)的(de)嫁(jia)接(jie)方(fang)法(fa),斜(xie)切(qie)接(jie)和(he)劈(pi)接(jie)次(ci)之(zhi)。經(jing)舌(she)靠(kao)接(jie)嫁(jia)接(jie),嫁(jia)接(jie)苗(miao)可(ke)以(yi)得(de)到(dao)高(gao)的(de)成(cheng)活(huo)率(lv),表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)在(zai)株(zhu)高(gao)、砧粗和穗粗上與另兩種嫁接方法差異極顯著。分析原因,相對於斜切接而言,原因可能主要是此嫁接法接穗、砧木並未完全斷開,有利於愈傷的形成,恢複生長快(幾乎沒有停止生長),而斜切接僅依靠細胞間的滲透作用;相對於劈接而言,不僅如此,還可能因為劈接法接穗和砧木的形成層、維wei管guan束shu不bu能neng實shi現xian好hao的de對dui接jie。但dan是shi由you於yu靠kao接jie比bi另ling外wai兩liang種zhong方fang法fa更geng容rong易yi感gan染ran土tu傳chuan病bing害hai,所suo以yi,在zai育yu苗miao時shi必bi須xu選xuan擇ze無wu菌jun土tu培pei養yang。使shi用yong無wu菌jun土tu,這zhe點dian在zai現xian在zai廣guang大da農nong戶hu生sheng產chan上shang還hai比bi較jiao難nan以yi做zuo到dao。而er且qie舌she靠kao接jie法fa還hai要yao求qiu嫁jia接jie適shi宜yi期qi相xiang遇yu,這zhe就jiu要yao求qiu生sheng產chan者zhe充chong分fen了le解jie砧zhen木mu和he接jie穗sui的de生sheng長chang發fa育yu特te性xing,以yi及ji對dui溫wen度du和he光guang照zhao的de反fan映ying情qing況kuang。這zhe點dian也ye是shi一yi個ge比bi較jiao難nan以yi掌zhang握wo的de技ji術shu。為wei此ci退tui而er求qiu其qi次ci,現xian在zai大da多duo數shu實shi際ji生sheng產chan上shang還hai是shi采cai用yong劈pi接jie法fa進jin行xing嫁jia接jie。
一、pinzhongxuanzezhuyaoshizhenmudexuanze,yibanxuanzegaokanggenjiexianchongbingheqingkubingdeyeshengxuanyufanqiezhong,xianzaiguoneijinxingfanqiejiajieshangchuyushiyanjieduan,yaowanquandikangsuoyouqingkubingyazhongdezhenmuhaimeiyou,tongchangzhishigaokangqizhongdejizhongyazhong。suoyibixumingquezhongzhidifanqieqingkubingdeshengliyazhong,zaixuanzexiangyingdezhenmu。yibancaiyongdefangfajiushicongbutongdediqugoumaiduogezhenmujinxingshiyanxingzaipeilaiqueding。
接穗可以使用常規品種。
二、砧木、接穗適宜播期劈接法一般砧木要提前播種7-10天,在一葉一心時將砧木假植到營養杯中。當砧木長到8至l0厘米高,莖粗0.5至0.8厘米即可嫁接,用刀片橫切砧木莖,去掉上部,再由莖中間劈開,向開口縱切1至1.5厘米,然後將接穗苗拔起,保留上片2至3pianzhenye,yongdaopianqiediaoxiabu,bashangbuqiekaichuxuechengxiexing,xiexingdedaxiaoyingyuzhenmuqiekouxiangdang,suijijiangjiesuicharuzhenmuzhong,duiqihouyongjiaziguding。zaiyoutiaojiandeqingkuangxia,jiesuikecaiyongfanqiemubendezhizhuyeya,jinengjieyuezhongzichengben,younengtigaojiajiechenghuolv,hainengtizaojieguoshangshiqi。
三、嫁接苗管理嫁接後要及時將苗床充分澆水,蓋上小拱棚密閉。6-7天內不得放風,保持95%以上的空氣濕度。溫度白天20-26℃,夜間16-20℃。防止溫度過高和過低。在溫度過高、陽光強烈的時候要加蓋遮陽網。在低溫時期要用地熱線等人工補充溫度防止植株受到凍害。
嫁接後4-5天tian要yao全quan部bu遮zhe光guang,以yi後hou每mei天tian逐zhu漸jian增zeng加jia見jian光guang時shi間jian。隨sui著zhe傷shang口kou的de逐zhu漸jian愈yu合he,撤che掉diao遮zhe陽yang網wang,並bing揭jie開kai兩liang側ce塑su料liao薄bo膜mo通tong風feng,開kai始shi通tong風feng要yao小xiao,逐zhu漸jian加jia大da。通tong風feng期qi間jian棚peng內nei要yao保bao持chi較jiao高gao的de空kong氣qi濕shi度du,地di麵mian要yao經jing常chang澆jiao水shui,完wan全quan成cheng活huo後hou轉zhuan入ru正zheng常chang管guan理li。成cheng活huo後hou及ji時shi摘zhai除chu砧zhen木mu萌meng發fa的de側ce芽ya,待dai接jie口kou愈yu合he牢lao固gu後hou去qu掉diao夾jia子zi。
四、定植及初期管理大棚番茄嫁接栽培的施肥很重要,要求每畝施農家肥5000至6000公斤、蔬菜專用複合肥4O-60公斤。全部施於地麵,翻入土壤中混合均勻。每畝栽l800-2000株(大棚)。地溫l5℃yishanghoukaishidingzhi,dimofugai,dingzhishixuanqinghaotianqi,xiandakongjiaoshui,zaiyizaishuishenxiaquhoufushangfengyankongkou。zhuyijiajieshidaokouweizhiyaogaoyuxiangmianyidingjuli,yifangjiesuigenshoudaoerciwuranzhibing。dingzhihouzhuyimibibaowenbutongfeng,yizhoujikehuanmiao,huanmiaohoudewenduguanli:上午25℃-3O℃,當超過35℃時應適當放風降溫,下午28℃-30℃,低於25℃時要關棚保溫,保持白天20℃以上,夜間l0℃-l5℃。
手機版




