根gen深shen才cai能neng葉ye茂mao,沒mei有you好hao的de根gen係xi,難nan以yi獲huo得de高gao產chan。在zai生sheng產chan實shi踐jian中zhong,很hen多duo菜cai農nong都dou能neng夠gou認ren識shi到dao根gen係xi的de重zhong要yao作zuo用yong。近jin年nian來lai,根gen部bu問wen題ti越yue來lai越yue突tu出chu,由you根gen部bu病bing害hai引yin發fa的de死si棵ke呈cheng越yue來lai越yue重zhong的de趨qu勢shi。但是,對於如何養護根係,如何減少根部病害發生,很多菜農或是懵懂不清,或是發病後才投醫問藥,東一榔頭西一棒子,抓不住防病重點。
養yang護hu根gen係xi最zui重zhong要yao的de是shi什shen麼me呢ne?筆bi者zhe認ren為wei,最zui重zhong要yao的de就jiu是shi澆jiao水shui。說shuo起qi澆jiao水shui,很hen多duo菜cai農nong覺jiao得de不bu值zhi一yi提ti,幹gan了le就jiu澆jiao唄bei,太tai簡jian單dan了le,這zhe有you什shen麼me好hao說shuo的de。可ke是shi,就jiu是shi這zhe麼me簡jian單dan的de事shi,能neng夠gou做zuo好hao的de菜cai農nong卻que不bu多duo。即ji使shi是shi幾ji十shi年nian的de老lao“把式”,很多時候也難以把握好澆水的度。很多菜農澆水不合理出現漚根,輕則導致植株長勢變弱、產量降低,重則引發嚴重的根部病害,出現大麵積死棵,損失慘重。
很多菜農都有這種感覺:jiaoshuiguohougenbubinghaifashengtebieyanzhong。qishiturangzhongdebingyuanjunyizhijiucunzaizhe,bingbuhuiyinweijiaoshuijiudaliangzengjia,naweishenmezaijiaoshuihoubinghaifashengduone?dagejiandandebifang,rendeleliuganbingbukepa,kepadeshibingfazheng。tongyang,zhizhujiaoshuihouchuxianougenbingbukepa,kepadeshiyouciyinfadegenbubinghai。jiaoshuihou,youyuturangzhongyangqiquefa,zhizhugenxihuoxingjianruo,youqishijiaoshuijiaoduo、土(tu)質(zhi)較(jiao)黏(nian)發(fa)生(sheng)漚(ou)根(gen)時(shi),根(gen)係(xi)抗(kang)性(xing)大(da)為(wei)減(jian)弱(ruo),土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)的(de)病(bing)原(yuan)菌(jun)就(jiu)趁(chen)機(ji)浸(jin)染(ran),引(yin)發(fa)病(bing)害(hai)。可(ke)以(yi)說(shuo),若(ruo)沒(mei)有(you)澆(jiao)水(shui)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)漚(ou)根(gen),就(jiu)不(bu)會(hui)有(you)大(da)麵(mian)積(ji)暴(bao)發(fa)的(de)根(gen)部(bu)病(bing)害(hai)。
防(fang)治(zhi)根(gen)部(bu)病(bing)害(hai),要(yao)從(cong)合(he)理(li)澆(jiao)水(shui)做(zuo)起(qi),重(zhong)點(dian)在(zai)於(yu)避(bi)免(mian)澆(jiao)水(shui)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)漚(ou)根(gen)。澆(jiao)水(shui)時(shi),要(yao)控(kong)製(zhi)好(hao)澆(jiao)水(shui)量(liang),做(zuo)到(dao)水(shui)過(guo)地(di)幹(gan),避(bi)免(mian)出(chu)現(xian)半(ban)個(ge)小(xiao)時(shi)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)積(ji)水(shui),保(bao)證(zheng)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)充(chong)足(zu)的(de)氧(yang)氣(qi)供(gong)應(ying)維(wei)持(chi)根(gen)係(xi)所(suo)需(xu)。
diguandengxinguangaifangfayishuidixingshimanmanjinrunturang,danweishijianneishuiliangxiao,duiturangjiegoudepohuaiqing,qiekeyisuiyikongzhijiaoshuiliang,anshuobuyinggaichuxianougencaidui。keshi,bizhezaishandongshengqingzhoushidengdiguanshiyongjiaoduodediququefaxian,diguanshiyongguochengzhongwentijiaoduo。diguanyibanbuhuichuxianjishui,danbudaibiaobuhuichuxianougen,gengbudaibiaojiaoshuiliangkeyisuiyijiada。bizhezaiqingzhoushiheguanzhen、東夏鎮等地就碰到過滴灌用了四五十度電才澆完了1畝棚,比麥子上凍水用的水量都多,結果導致棚內圓茄、黃瓜等漚根嚴重,長勢弱、產量低、死棵多。
另外,增施有機肥、改良土壤、增強土壤通透性也很重要,這可以保證即使澆水量大,也不會因土壤缺氧導致漚根。
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