shouguangshisunjiajijiedaozhangjiazhaizicundezhangshifuzhonghuangguadeshijianbuchang,duiyuyixiebinghaibawobushihenzhun,yizhiyuzaifangzhifangmiannabudingzhuyi。zhangshifujieshao,jinniantadehuangguayouhenduoguatiaoshangchuxianleliujiaoxianxiang,yeyonglebushaoyaojifangzhi,danshiyizhifasheng,duixiaoshouzaochengleyidingdeyingxiang。
記者給張師傅分析說:引起黃瓜瓜條流膠的病害很多,以蔓枯病,菌核病及黑星病較為常見,細菌性病害、生理性病害以及蘸花藥使用不當時也可以引起瓜條流膠。
黃(huang)瓜(gua)蔓(man)枯(ku)病(bing)在(zai)瓜(gua)條(tiao)上(shang)多(duo)發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)瓜(gua)頂(ding)花(hua)後(hou)部(bu)位(wei),一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)靠(kao)近(jin)瓜(gua)條(tiao),發(fa)病(bing)初(chu)期(qi)在(zai)瓜(gua)條(tiao)頂(ding)部(bu)溢(yi)出(chu)白(bai)色(se)膠(jiao)狀(zhuang)物(wu),表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)瓜(gua)頭(tou)幹(gan)縮(suo)發(fa)白(bai),並(bing)有(you)小(xiao)黑(hei)點(dian)附(fu)著(zhe)。菌(jun)核(he)病(bing)多(duo)在(zai)花(hua)後(hou)瓜(gua)頭(tou)處(chu)密(mi)生(sheng)白(bai)色(se)膠(jiao)粒(li),後(hou)膠(jiao)粒(li)凝(ning)結(jie),且(qie)病(bing)部(bu)呈(cheng)水(shui)浸(jin)狀(zhuang)腐(fu)爛(lan),棚(peng)內(nei)濕(shi)度(du)大(da)病(bing)部(bu)生(sheng)出(chu)大(da)量(liang)白(bai)色(se)菌(jun)絲(si),並(bing)且(qie)菌(jun)絲(si)密(mi)集(ji)糾(jiu)結(jie)後(hou),還(hai)會(hui)形(xing)成(cheng)如(ru)老(lao)鼠(shu)屎(shi)一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)菌(jun)核(he)。黑(hei)星(xing)病(bing)瓜(gua)條(tiao)染(ran)病(bing),初(chu)流(liu)膠(jiao),在(zai)瓜(gua)條(tiao)上(shang)先(xian)出(chu)現(xian)淺(qian)黃(huang)色(se)膠(jiao)粒(li)後(hou)漸(jian)擴(kuo)大(da)為(wei)暗(an)綠(lv)色(se)凹(ao)陷(xian)斑(ban),表(biao)麵(mian)長(chang)出(chu)黑(hei)色(se)黴(mei)層(ceng),致(zhi)病(bing)部(bu)呈(cheng)瘡(chuang)痂(jia)狀(zhuang),形(xing)成(cheng)畸(ji)形(xing)瓜(gua)。細(xi)菌(jun)性(xing)角(jiao)斑(ban)病(bing)侵(qin)染(ran)瓜(gua)條(tiao)時(shi)也(ye)可(ke)引(yin)起(qi)流(liu)膠(jiao),通(tong)常(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)瓜(gua)棱(leng)中(zhong),有(you)時(shi)不(bu)太(tai)明(ming)顯(xian),需(xu)要(yao)仔(zai)細(xi)判(pan)斷(duan)。另(ling)外(wai),當(dang)放(fang)風(feng)過(guo)急(ji)時(shi),也(ye)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)瓜(gua)身(shen)流(liu)膠(jiao),再(zai)者(zhe)蘸(zhan)花(hua)藥(yao)濃(nong)度(du)過(guo)高(gao),高(gao)效(xiao)坐(zuo)瓜(gua)靈(ling)濃(nong)度(du)過(guo)大(da)也(ye)會(hui)引(yin)起(qi)瓜(gua)體(ti)流(liu)膠(jiao)。
因yin此ci要yao根gen據ju流liu膠jiao的de不bu同tong部bu位wei以yi及ji一yi些xie症zheng狀zhuang進jin行xing判pan斷duan,才cai能neng正zheng確que判pan斷duan出chu是shi何he種zhong原yuan因yin造zao成cheng的de流liu膠jiao。蔓man枯ku病bing,菌jun核he病bing及ji黑hei星xing病bing這zhe三san種zhong病bing害hai在zai陰yin天tian多duo、棚內濕度大時發病重,因此應合理調控棚內溫濕度,加大通風換氣,及時疏除老葉,增大株間透光性,以減少病害發生。蔓枯病可用25%的使百克1000倍液或25%米鮮胺乳油1500倍進行噴霧;菌核病可在蘸花藥中加入適量撲海因防治,或發病初期噴灑50%乙烯菌核利或50%速克靈1000-1500倍液,棚內濕度大時可用菌核淨煙劑防治,每畝用量200-250克;細菌性病害可噴灑銅製劑、鏈黴素等防治。黑星病在壽光地區發生較少,發生時可用40%氟矽唑(福星)4000倍進行噴霧防治。
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