從病害發生的三個必要條件(寄主-植株本身、環境條件、病原物)來(lai)看(kan),三(san)者(zhe)缺(que)一(yi)不(bu)可(ke),合(he)理(li)的(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)管(guan)理(li)以(yi)及(ji)溫(wen)濕(shi)度(du)等(deng)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)調(tiao)控(kong),對(dui)於(yu)是(shi)否(fou)發(fa)病(bing)也(ye)至(zhi)關(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)。如(ru)何(he)加(jia)強(qiang)管(guan)理(li),提(ti)高(gao)黃(huang)瓜(gua)植(zhi)株(zhu)的(de)抗(kang)病(bing)能(neng)力(li)和(he)創(chuang)造(zao)適(shi)宜(yi)黃(huang)瓜(gua)生(sheng)長(chang)而(er)又(you)減(jian)少(shao)霜(shuang)黴(mei)病(bing)危(wei)害(hai)的(de)環(huan)境(jing),必(bi)須(xu)了(le)解(jie)黃(huang)瓜(gua)霜(shuang)黴(mei)病(bing)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)條(tiao)件(jian),黃(huang)瓜(gua)霜(shuang)黴(mei)病(bing)適(shi)宜(yi)在(zai)大(da)約(yue)20-25攝氏度,空氣相對濕度85%時shi,發fa病bing速su度du最zui快kuai。所suo以yi溫wen濕shi度du的de管guan理li至zhi關guan重zhong要yao。在zai管guan理li過guo程cheng中zhong,嚴yan格ge控kong製zhi溫wen濕shi度du對dui防fang控kong霜shuang黴mei病bing很hen重zhong要yao,例li如ru澆jiao水shui時shi間jian的de選xuan擇ze,一yi般ban農nong戶hu根gen據ju自zi己ji的de時shi間jian安an排pai,抽chou空kong進jin行xing澆jiao水shui,隨sui意yi性xing較jiao大da,合he理li的de澆jiao水shui時shi間jian應ying選xuan在zai晴qing天tian的de早zao上shang,日ri出chu之zhi前qian進jin行xing澆jiao水shui,避bi免mian了le地di溫wen的de降jiang低di和he便bian於yu澆jiao水shui後hou的de溫wen度du管guan理li。澆jiao水shui後hou當dang天tian中zhong午wu,將jiang棚peng室shi內nei溫wen度du提ti高gao到dao35攝氏度持續50分(fen)鍾(zhong),再(zai)開(kai)始(shi)通(tong)風(feng),能(neng)迅(xun)速(su)降(jiang)低(di)棚(peng)室(shi)內(nei)的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)濕(shi)度(du)也(ye)利(li)於(yu)溫(wen)度(du)防(fang)控(kong)發(fa)揮(hui)作(zuo)用(yong)。由(you)於(yu)前(qian)期(qi)棚(peng)室(shi)內(nei)的(de)底(di)肥(fei)充(chong)足(zu),植(zhi)株(zhu)吸(xi)收(shou)氮(dan)素(su)較(jiao)多(duo)徒(tu)長(chang)時(shi),容(rong)易(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)植(zhi)株(zhu)內(nei)部(bu)碳(tan)氮(dan)比(bi)例(li)失(shi)調(tiao),形(xing)成(cheng)對(dui)霜(shuang)黴(mei)病(bing)的(de)感(gan)性(xing),極(ji)易(yi)受(shou)到(dao)霜(shuang)黴(mei)病(bing)的(de)危(wei)害(hai)。所(suo)以(yi),在(zai)植(zhi)株(zhu)生(sheng)長(chang)前(qian)期(qi),應(ying)該(gai)通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)溫(wen)控(kong)水(shui)等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi),進(jin)行(xing)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)蹲(dun)苗(miao),培(pei)養(yang)出(chu)壯(zhuang)、旺(wang)但(dan)不(bu)徒(tu)長(chang)的(de)植(zhi)株(zhu),使(shi)葉(ye)片(pian)積(ji)累(lei)養(yang)分(fen)多(duo),增(zeng)加(jia)葉(ye)片(pian)的(de)厚(hou)度(du),從(cong)而(er)提(ti)高(gao)葉(ye)片(pian)和(he)植(zhi)株(zhu)的(de)抗(kang)病(bing)性(xing)。這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)為(wei)何(he)要(yao)在(zai)防(fang)治(zhi)藥(yao)劑(ji)中(zhong)加(jia)入(ru)糖(tang)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)所(suo)在(zai)。
誤區二:藥劑應用無選擇,亂混亂用。
這是種棚的新手容易犯的一個錯誤,葉片出現了幾個霜黴點,便用藥劑對其進行“狂轟亂炸”。binghaifashenghou,yaoqiulijijianxiaoguo,zhijiepenshigaoxiaodezhiliaoyaoji,suirannengdadaoliganjianyingdexiaoguo,danshiyehuishibingjunzaiduanshijianneichanshengkangxing,gengweixiayilundeqinranweihaimaixiayinhuan。suowei“防患於未然”,病害的防治也是這個道理。在選擇藥劑防治時,可以簡單地分為三個防治階段(病害未發生期、病害發生初期、病害發生嚴重期),按照用藥周期在病害未發生前可以選擇保護性的藥劑噴施,如百菌清、甲基托布津、百泰等,病害發生初期可以選擇保護兼治療性的藥劑,如72%的霜脲氰錳鋅,64%的甲霜靈錳鋅。病害發生嚴重期,可以選擇兩種藥劑進行混用,如可以選擇40%的氰霜唑懸浮劑500倍+69%的烯酰嗎啉錳鋅500倍進行混合噴施,會增強防治效果。特別是在黃瓜霜黴病與其他病害如炭疽病或者是細菌性角斑病、xijunxingyekubingdenghunfashi,fangzhiguochengzhongyingzhuyiqufen,buyiduozhongbinghaiyiqiyongyao。fanzhi,budanqibudaolianghaodexiaoguoerqiezaochengyepiandeyinxingyaohai,debuchangshi。duozhongbinghaihunhefasheng,yinggaigenjutianqi、pengshineiwenshidudenghuanjingtiaojian,xuanzezhuyaodebinghaijinxingyouxianfangzhi。tebieshijinjinianlai,zaishouguangpengshineidehuangguashuangmeibingyibanyutanjubinghunhefasheng,suoyizaifangzhishi,keyiyibingyongyao,ruguoshihaichanzayouxijunxingbinghai,keyi“先治霜黴和炭疽,後治角斑和葉枯”。zaizhe,yongyaoshiwangwangyibingyongyao,zhucibufen。zaiyongyaoqianyidingyaoqufenganranshuangmeibingdezhongxinbingzhuhefabingdechuqinranyuan,jinxingzhongdianfangkong,bushizhitongguoyiweidepenyaojiejue。biru,weiyuqianlianbuweidezhizhu,yinweiqianbudishuiyanzhong,shiduda,suoyiyibanchengweishuangmeibingdezhongzaiqu,duiyuzhexiezhizhuyishiyaojishipensayaoji,erkeyitongguoyongneixixingyaojiguangendefangfa,conggenbuyongyao,shangxiachuandaojinxingzhiliao,ruyong80%的乙磷鋁可濕性粉劑500倍灌根,每株灌3兩藥水,能起到優異的防治效果。
手機版




