目前黃瓜生產中所見的肥害有三種:一是施用速效氮肥過多,土壤濃度過大;二是使用磷肥過多;三是施用未經腐熟的秸稈肥、鋸末、麥糠,或肥料與土搬拌合不勻。
1. 氮肥過多 氮(dan)肥(fei)過(guo)多(duo)使(shi)土(tu)壤(rang)濃(nong)度(du)過(guo)高(gao),從(cong)地(di)上(shang)部(bu)分(fen)看(kan)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)缺(que)鈣(gai)症(zheng)狀(zhuang),即(ji)葉(ye)鑲(xiang)金(jin)邊(bian),褪(tui)綠(lv)呈(cheng)黃(huang)色(se),但(dan)不(bu)多(duo)腐(fu)爛(lan)。從(cong)根(gen)部(bu)看(kan),根(gen)的(de)顏(yan)色(se)變(bian)褐(he),根(gen)尖(jian)齊(qi)鈍(dun)。田(tian)間(jian)還(hai)可(ke)見(jian)到(dao)單(dan)株(zhu)施(shi)用(yong)化(hua)肥(fei)過(guo)多(duo),植(zhi)株(zhu)呈(cheng)現(xian)急(ji)速(su)凋(diao)萎(wei)青(qing)枯(ku)的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)。目(mu)前(qian)生(sheng)產(chan)上(shang)所(suo)見(jian)是(shi)秋(qiu)冬(dong)茬(cha)黃(huang)瓜(gua)采(cai)用(yong)冬(dong)春(chun)茬(cha)“大肥、大水”的管法時,因為肥害造成由底部葉向上迅速黃化,大量發生細腰瓜等。
2. 磷肥過多 linfeiguoduoyoushizaimiaochuang,youshizaidingzhihou,duozaijieguaqian,turanjianxinshengyecongjianduanjubuhuodabuyechenghuanghua,danwufulangankuzhuang,zhuajinjiaoshuijikejiejiu,rutongshipenyong“綠勃康”,可加速症狀的消失。多磷還導致黃瓜的瓜皮發硬。
3. 肥燒 肥燒在下列情況下發生,一是施入大量未經腐熟的秸稈肥、鋸末、麥糠、稻(dao)殼(ke),這(zhe)些(xie)原(yuan)料(liao)會(hui)在(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)發(fa)酵(jiao)。在(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),或(huo)發(fa)熱(re)發(fa)燒(shao),或(huo)大(da)量(liang)占(zhan)用(yong)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)的(de)速(su)效(xiao)氮(dan)而(er)使(shi)植(zhi)株(zhu)黃(huang)瘦(shou)細(xi)弱(ruo)。遇(yu)有(you)此(ci)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)應(ying)抓(zhua)緊(jin)澆(jiao)水(shui)或(huo)結(jie)合(he)澆(jiao)水(shui)補(bu)入(ru)速(su)成(cheng)效(xiao)氮(dan)肥(fei);二是施入土壤中的圈肥、餅肥、huafeiliangdaqiemeiyouyutuchongfenhunyun,danghuangguagenshendaofeiliaojizhongchuzehuizaochengshaogen。haiyoudekaigouhuokaixuebafeiliaoshirugenbu,yeyizaochengshaogen。beifeishaoshanggenduiyingdedishangbufenchangyouyeyuangankuhuoyepiandiaoweidexianxiangfasheng。yuyoucizhongqingkuangyeyijiaoshuihuanjie。lingwai,zaiguoliangshiyongjiqinfendewenshiyechangyijiandaozhizhushengchanghuanman,yepiannonglv,zhousuodengxianxiang。
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