番茄晚疫病是一種低溫高濕型病害,棚室氣溫白天在22~24℃,夜間在10~13℃,空氣相對濕度在80%以上即可侵染植株,尤其是在連陰雨、guangzhaoruodetiaojianxiagengyifabingliuxing。dangqianwoshengdongchunhezaochunzaipeidefanqiezhengchuyumiaoqi,diwenqirongyishoudaowanyibingweihai,xuyaozhongdianguanzhu,zhajianbingzhuhoujizaoyongyaofangzhi。
據了解,番茄晚疫病又稱番茄疫病,葉、莖、果guo均jun可ke受shou害hai,以yi葉ye片pian和he青qing果guo受shou害hai嚴yan重zhong。葉ye部bu受shou害hai一yi般ban先xian從cong中zhong下xia部bu葉ye片pian的de葉ye尖jian或huo葉ye緣yuan開kai始shi,以yi後hou逐zhu漸jian向xiang上shang部bu葉ye片pian和he果guo實shi蔓man延yan,初chu期qi為wei暗an綠lv色se不bu規gui則ze形xing水shui漬zi狀zhuang病bing斑ban,病bing健jian交jiao界jie處chu無wu明ming顯xian界jie限xian。空kong氣qi潮chao濕shi時shi易yi發fa生sheng,並bing且qie病bing斑ban會hui迅xun速su擴kuo展zhan,葉ye背bei病bing斑ban邊bian緣yuan可ke見jian一yi層ceng白bai色se黴mei層ceng。空kong氣qi幹gan燥zao時shi病bing斑ban綠lv褐he色se,繼ji而er變bian暗an褐he色se並bing逐zhu漸jian幹gan枯ku。莖jing稈gan受shou害hai,病bing部bu水shui漬zi狀zhuang,稍shao向xiang下xia凹ao陷xian,後hou變bian成cheng褐he色se,病bing莖jing組zu織zhi變bian軟ruan,植zhi株zhu萎wei蔫nian,嚴yan重zhong的de病bing部bu折zhe斷duan,造zao成cheng莖jing葉ye枯ku死si。果guo實shi受shou害hai,多duo從cong青qing果guo近jin果guo柄bing處chu的de果guo麵mian開kai始shi發fa病bing,病bing斑ban呈cheng不bu明ming顯xian的de油you漬zi狀zhuang大da斑ban,逐zhu漸jian向xiang四si周zhou發fa展zhan,後hou期qi逐zhu漸jian變bian為wei深shen褐he色se,病bing斑ban稍shao凹ao陷xian,病bing果guo質zhi硬ying不bu軟ruan腐fu,周zhou緣yuan不bu變bian紅hong,潮chao濕shi時shi病bing斑ban表biao麵mian產chan生sheng一yi層ceng白bai色se黴mei狀zhuang物wu。果guo實shi采cai收shou後hou在zai儲chu藏zang、運輸、銷售期間會繼續受害,大量毀壞。
番(fan)茄(qie)晚(wan)疫(yi)病(bing)由(you)疫(yi)黴(mei)屬(shu)真(zhen)菌(jun)侵(qin)染(ran)引(yin)起(qi),病(bing)菌(jun)主(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)冬(dong)季(ji)栽(zai)培(pei)的(de)番(fan)茄(qie)及(ji)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)塊(kuai)莖(jing)中(zhong)越(yue)冬(dong),借(jie)氣(qi)流(liu)或(huo)雨(yu)水(shui)傳(chuan)播(bo)到(dao)番(fan)茄(qie)植(zhi)株(zhu)上(shang)侵(qin)染(ran)發(fa)病(bing)。該(gai)病(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)和(he)流(liu)行(xing)受(shou)品(pin)種(zhong)、病菌基數和氣象條件的影響較大,其中以氣象條件為主,一旦條件合適很快會大流行。目前我省栽培較多的合作903、朝研219、金棚1號、R-304、浙粉202、蘇粉8號、蘇粉9號、江蔬14號hao等deng品pin種zhong不bu抗kang病bing,這zhe是shi造zao成cheng番fan茄qie晚wan疫yi病bing發fa病bing較jiao重zhong的de原yuan因yin之zhi一yi。另ling外wai,該gai病bing在zai霜shuang凍dong過guo後hou仍reng能neng大da量liang發fa生sheng,霜shuang化hua時shi形xing成cheng水shui膜mo及ji凍dong害hai造zao成cheng傷shang口kou有you利li於yu病bing菌jun侵qin入ru,霜shuang凍dong過guo後hou晚wan疫yi病bing發fa生sheng更geng嚴yan重zhong。
目前,對番茄晚疫病的主要控製水段仍然是藥劑防治。自發病初期起,選用抑快淨52.5%惡酮·霜脲氰可濕性粉劑2000倍液,或50%烯酰·乙磷鋁可濕性粉劑600倍液,或克露72%霜脲·錳鋅可濕性粉劑600倍液,或阿米西達250克/升嘧菌酯懸浮劑1500倍液噴霧,每隔7~10天一次,連續防治3~4次,可以有效控製該病危害。此外,通過合理輪作,選用抗病品種,對種子和苗床消毒,加強栽培管理等措施可以減輕危害。
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