在zai壽shou光guang市shi化hua龍long鎮zhen采cai訪fang時shi，記ji者zhe在zai不bu少shao菜cai農nong的de彩cai椒jiao大da棚peng內nei發fa現xian他ta們men種zhong植zhi的de彩cai椒jiao長chang勢shi較jiao弱ruo，坐zuo果guo能neng力li差cha，並bing且qie畸ji形xing果guo較jiao多duo，那na麼me是shi什shen麼me原yuan因yin導dao致zhi彩cai椒jiao生sheng產chan中zhong出chu現xian這zhe些xie問wen題ti呢ne？菜農又該如何快速促進彩椒長勢的恢複
，保證彩椒優質高產呢
？本期，記者提出四點管理建議，希望對菜農朋友有所幫助。

注重養根促棵 促進植株恢複

彩椒根係具有入土淺
、木栓化早、再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)力(li)弱(ruo)等(deng)特(te)點(dian)，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)在(zai)經(jing)曆(li)冬(dong)季(ji)低(di)溫(wen)之(zhi)後(hou)，導(dao)致(zhi)彩(cai)椒(jiao)的(de)根(gen)係(xi)衰(shuai)弱(ruo)，而(er)因(yin)為(wei)地(di)溫(wen)較(jiao)低(di)，植(zhi)株(zhu)新(xin)萌(meng)發(fa)的(de)毛(mao)細(xi)根(gen)較(jiao)少(shao)
，這(zhe)樣(yang)根(gen)係(xi)吸(xi)收(shou)的(de)營(ying)養(yang)就(jiu)不(bu)能(neng)滿(man)足(zu)植(zhi)株(zhu)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)。尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)在(zai)天(tian)氣(qi)轉(zhuan)暖(nuan)後(hou)
，植(zhi)株(zhu)開(kai)始(shi)大(da)量(liang)開(kai)花(hua)坐(zuo)果(guo)，營(ying)養(yang)需(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)大(da)，若(ruo)沒(mei)有(you)強(qiang)大(da)的(de)根(gen)係(xi)來(lai)保(bao)證(zheng)養(yang)分(fen)吸(xi)收(shou)，植(zhi)株(zhu)長(chang)勢(shi)必(bi)然(ran)受(shou)影(ying)響(xiang)，導(dao)致(zhi)植(zhi)株(zhu)出(chu)現(xian)落(luo)花(hua)落(luo)果(guo)。因(yin)此(ci)
，當(dang)前(qian)養(yang)根(gen)促(cu)棵(ke)就(jiu)顯(xian)得(de)至(zhi)關(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)。

首先
，將地溫提高到適宜彩椒根係生長的溫度，即25℃zuoyou。diwendishidaozhicaijiaogenxishengchanghuanmandezhuyaoyinsu，yinci，tigaoturangwendushiguanjian，youqishidangqianzhengzhilengnuanjiaotizhiji，waijieqiwenbianhuajiaoda
，diwenshouyingxianghoubuliyugenxidezhengchangshengchangyuyangfenxishou。tigaodiwenketongguozengjiaguangzhaohetigaopengwenlaishixian
，jushouguangshihualongzhenbuxicundesunjiaxingshifujieshao，dangqianyingshidangzhaichutianjiaodibulaoye
，zengjiazhaoshedaodimiandezhisheguangyusansheguang，keyicujindiwendetigao
；另外
，當棚內溫度達到30℃左右時再放風，利用氣溫促進地溫的提高。

qici，huachu

，tiwenbaoshang。weicujindiwendekuaisutigao，cainongkeyicaiqujiangzhongzhixingliangcedeturanghuachu，zheyangjiketigaoturangdetouqixing，jiangditurangdebanjiechengdu，qieduanturangmaoxiguan，jianshaoshuifenzhengfa
，tongshikeyijiangpengneiderekongqitongguoturangmaoguanxiangxiachuandao，tigaoturangwendu，gaishancaijiaogenxishengchangdeturanghuanjing，cujincaijiaoxingendeshengchang，zengqianggenxiduishuifeidexishounengli，congerzengqiangzhizhudechangshi。

zuihou，chongshiyanggenfeiliao。bushaocainongrenweitianqiyijingzhuannuan
，kegaichongfuhehuafeile，qishiburan，shishiqiaqiaoxiangfan
，cishigenxisuidiwenhuishengganggangkaishiyousuoshenzhan，xuyaodezhengshiyigewennuanshiyideturanghuanjing。ruochongshifuhehuafei
，huidaozhidiwenjiangdi，shigenxishengchangshoudaoyizhi
，suoyixianzaihaishiyaoyichongshishuirongxingfeiliaoweizhu，rudengtashuirongfei、芳潤
、豐田A等


，同時配合衝施甲殼素或燈塔生根劑、根佳等生根養根性肥料

，以保證根係的正常生長。

彩椒由四主枝變為三主枝

caijiaozaidingzhihou，yinweizhizhujiaoxiao，weilecujinzhizhudekuaisushengchang，zhuangdazhizhuxiabudegenqun
，suoyicainongduoshudouxuanzeliusigenjieguozhuzhidefangfa，yizengjiayepianshuliang，zengjiaguangheyemianji。danshixianzaicaijiaozhizhudegaoduyijingchaoguoyimi
，bingqiezhuzhiyejiaoda

，daozhizhizhujiandeyubizengqiang
，yingxianglezhizhudetongfengjianguang，yeyingxiangleguoshidezhuanse，suoyicainongyingjishijiangcaijiaoyuanlaidesizhuzhibiansanzhuzhi，jiangmeikezhizhushangchangshizuiruodezhitiaoshuchu
，zheyangzuojuyouyixiajifangmiandehaochu：

首先，使得根係吸收的營養供應集中，能促進果實的膨大。如果菜農仍然采用三主枝留果，按照每主枝2-3個的量留果，每株就會留果10gezuoyou

，ercaijiaogenxixishoudeyingyangzongliangshiyidingde，ruguogenxixishoudeyingyangfensandaoduogeguoshidangzhong，jiuhuishiguoshidebudaozugoudeyingyangeryingxiangpengguo，daozhiguoshijiaoxiao
，yingxiangshangpinxingdetigao。erjiangsizhuzhibiansizhuzhihou，meizhuzhihaishianzhao2-3個的數量留果
，總量留8個左右
，這樣根係吸收的營養可以集中供應這8個果實的生長
，保證果實膨果時的營養供應，這樣不但不會影響植株的產量，而且還能提高果實的商品性。

qici
，jiangdizhizhujianyubi，zengqiangzhizhudetongfengtouguangxing。caijiaoyousizhuzhibiansanzhuzhihou，meigezhuzhizhanyoudekongjianzengda，tongfenglianghao，bimiangaowengaoshi，jianshaobinghaifasheng

；此外，接受的光照增多，葉片製造的營養多，這樣也能促進果實的膨大，到果實轉色時，因光照充足而轉色較快，可提前上市。

再(zai)次(ci)
，便(bian)於(yu)管(guan)理(li)
，利(li)於(yu)噴(pen)藥(yao)防(fang)病(bing)。將(jiang)彩(cai)由(you)有(you)四(si)主(zhu)枝(zhi)變(bian)三(san)主(zhu)枝(zhi)後(hou)，摘(zhai)葉(ye)打(da)杈(cha)相(xiang)比(bi)以(yi)前(qian)方(fang)便(bian)而(er)且(qie)勞(lao)動(dong)強(qiang)度(du)降(jiang)低(di)。在(zai)噴(pen)藥(yao)防(fang)治(zhi)病(bing)害(hai)時(shi)
，因(yin)為(wei)植(zhi)株(zhu)間(jian)空(kong)隙(xi)增(zeng)大(da)，能(neng)夠(gou)使(shi)藥(yao)液(ye)噴(pen)布(bu)更(geng)加(jia)均(jun)勻(yun)
，有(you)利(li)於(yu)病(bing)害(hai)的(de)防(fang)治(zhi)。

減少畸形果 提高精品果數量

shouguangshihualongzhenbuxicundesunshengfushifugaosujizhe，caijiaozaizuodierchaguoshi，zhenghaoyushangdongjidediwenqi
，zheyangshidepenglijixingguobijiaoduo
，youdechangdegenshibingyiyang，youdeguoshibianyuanxinghuowuguizexingzhuang。namecainongzenyangguanlicainengjianshaojixingguodechansheng，tigaojingpinguoshuliangne？

其實，畸形果主要是由於溫度較低
、guangzhaobuzudaozhidehuayafenhuabuliangyinqide
，huozhizhudierchakaihuajieguoshi
，diyichadeguoshihaimeiyoucaizhai，daozhiyouguoyingyanggongyingbuzu，guoshibunengzhengchangpengdaerdaozhijixingguodechansheng。xianzaicainongkeyicongyixiajifangmianjianshaojixingguo，tigaojingpinguoshuliang。

diyi，duoliuguo
，shuchujixingguo。suiranzhizhuqianqiyinweihuayafenhuabuliangdengyuanyindaozhizhizhudejixingguojiaoduo，danshicainongkeyitongguoduoliuguo
，jiangmeizhuzhishangdeliuguoshuliangzengjiadao5個左右
，再將植株上的畸形果疏除，留下果實周正的精品果。

第二，溫度調控要合理。在彩椒開花坐果期，將棚室白天溫度控製在25-28℃之間
，夜溫控製在13-15℃之間，這樣有利於花芽分化正常進行，同時適當拉大溫差還可提高花芽分化質量，減少畸形果，增加精品果。

第di三san
，加jia強qiang肥fei水shui管guan理li。彩cai椒jiao根gen係xi弱ruo，應ying以yi小xiao水shui勤qin澆jiao為wei原yuan則ze，當dang棚peng內nei土tu壤rang握wo則ze成cheng團tuan

，掉diao在zai地di上shang散san開kai時shi就jiu應ying立li即ji澆jiao水shui，每mei次ci澆jiao水shui要yao結jie合he衝chong施shi肥fei料liao，一yi般ban要yao求qiu每mei畝mu衝chong施shi水shui溶rong性xing肥fei料liao5千克-6千克，並且在開花結果期要每衝施兩次高鉀型衝施肥就要衝施一次平衡型衝施肥，以保證植株生長所需的營養供應。

第四
，開花前還要注意噴施含硼葉麵肥，如硼爾美等，促進植株的花芽分化，減少畸形果的形成。

對症用藥預防彩椒爛杆

在zai下xia鄉xiang采cai訪fang時shi，很hen多duo菜cai農nong反fan映ying說shuo在zai彩cai椒jiao主zhu枝zhi分fen叉cha處chu及ji分fen叉cha以yi下xia幾ji厘li米mi的de地di方fang爛lan稈gan嚴yan重zhong

，莖jing稈gan一yi腐fu爛lan，上shang麵mian的de葉ye子zi就jiu全quan萎wei蔫nian了le，沒mei幾ji天tian就jiu出chu現xian死si枝zhi，有you的de病bing部bu還hai臭chou烘hong烘hong的de，但dan是shi塗tu抹moDThuojunhejingdengjinxingfangzhiquebuguanyong，zheshiweihe？jujizhelejie，xianzaipengneicaijiaochuxiandelangan，zhuyaoshibingjuncongzhaijiaohuoshuyezaochengdeshangkouchuqinrande，bingqieduoshixianqinranjunhe、灰黴、huozheyibing，jieryouqinranxijunxingbinghai，jieguoshibushaocainongwendaobingbanshangchanshengchouhonghongdeqiweihoujiuyiweishixijunxingbinghai，suoyijinjinshiyongfangzhixijunxinghuozhenjunxingdeyaojiyufanglanganxiaoguobuhao。

那麼菜農應該如何預防彩椒爛稈呢？筆者建議菜農注意從以下三方麵入手防治。

首先，菜農在每次整枝疏葉或摘椒之後，應噴灑一次異菌脲及葉枯唑，以防止病菌從傷口的侵入。

qici
，dangcainongfaxiancaijiaochuxianlanganshi，yingzhuyiguanchashiyoudanzhongbingjundaozhidelanganhaishiyouduozhongbinghaidaozhidelangan，xiangyibingzaochengdelangan，cainongkeyishiyongpuliketumobingbu
，eryoujunhebinghuohuimeibingdaozhidelangancainongkeyitongguotumojunhejingfangzhi，eryouxijunxingbinghaizaochengdelangankeyitongguotumoDT進行防治。但是當植株侵染疫病或者灰黴病後
，病部又被細菌侵染，這樣菜農就應現將病部用小刀刮幹淨，然後塗抹普力克和DT或菌核淨混DT即可將病斑防治住。

再次
，預防為主，調控好棚室環境，避免高溫高濕

，抑製病菌的發生和發展，同時建議定期全棚噴灑百菌清
、農用鏈黴素、中生菌素等藥劑，減少病源
，降低植株發病幾率。