youyuqihoubianhuawuchangheguanlicuoshibudang，zaochengjixingguafashengjiaoweipubian
，yanzhongyingxiangxiguadepinzhihejingjijiazhi，shinongminshouyijiangdi。xianjiangchangjiandejixingguadexingchengyuanyin、症狀及預防措施介紹如下：

 

    一、西瓜畸形果的形成原因

    畸形果是扁平瓜、歪瓜、huluguadezongcheng。xiguahuayafenhuaqihuoguoshifayuguochengzhong，yudaobuliangqihoutiaojianhezaipeijishubudangrongyixingchengjixingguo，yanzhongyingxiangxiguadepinzhihejingjijiazhi，shinongmindeshouyijiangdi。

    扁平瓜：zhuyaofashengzaiyuanguoxingpinzhong

，yingxiguaguoshizongjinghehengjingfayusudubujunhengsuozhi。xiguaguoshifayudetedianshiqianqiyizongxiangfayuweizhu，zhonghouqiyihengxiangfayuweizhu。ruguoguoshifayuqianqiqiwenjiaodi，guoshizongxiangfayusuduhuanman
，nanyidadaoyingyoudefayusudu
，guoshifayuzhonghouqiqiwenshiyi，guoshihengxiangfayusudujiakuai，congerxingchenghengjingdayuzongjingdebianpingguoshi。bianpingguadewaibutezhengshiguojianbu（臨近果柄處）較寬，果蒂部呈凹陷狀。內部特點是果皮變厚，瓜瓤出現空心
，纖維較多。

    歪瓜：又叫偏頭瓜。是指西瓜一側充分膨大，另一側發育不良的果實。歪瓜形成的主要原因有兩種。一是西瓜花芽分化期（1?5片真葉期），遇(yu)到(dao)低(di)溫(wen)形(xing)成(cheng)畸(ji)形(xing)花(hua)，而(er)畸(ji)形(xing)花(hua)必(bi)將(jiang)發(fa)育(yu)成(cheng)畸(ji)形(xing)果(guo)。二(er)是(shi)開(kai)花(hua)坐(zuo)果(guo)期(qi)間(jian)授(shou)粉(fen)受(shou)精(jing)不(bu)良(liang)
，致(zhi)使(shi)果(guo)實(shi)中(zhong)種(zhong)子(zi)分(fen)布(bu)不(bu)均(jun)
，種(zhong)子(zi)多(duo)的(de)部(bu)位(wei)，果(guo)皮(pi)瓜(gua)瓤(rang)相(xiang)應(ying)膨(peng)大(da)，沒(mei)有(you)種(zhong)子(zi)部(bu)位(wei)，果(guo)實(shi)發(fa)育(yu)較(jiao)慢(man)，從(cong)而(er)形(xing)成(cheng)歪(wai)瓜(gua)。

    葫蘆瓜：changxingguohuotuoyuanxingguopinzhongrongyifasheng。qitedianshiguojianbumeiyouchongfenfayu，erguoshizhongbuheguodibufayuzhengchang，xingchengyitoudayitouxiaodeguoshi。qixingchengyuanyinshijieguoqianqi、中期肥水不足
，尤其是缺水，植株生長不良墜秧、病bing蟲chong害hai等deng，使shi幼you果guo發fa育yu嚴yan重zhong受shou阻zu。而er果guo實shi發fa育yu中zhong後hou期qi條tiao件jian改gai善shan，果guo實shi又you迅xun速su發fa育yu而er形xing成cheng葫hu蘆lu形xing。預yu防fang措cuo施shi是shi在zai果guo實shi退tui毛mao後hou及ji時shi澆jiao膨peng瓜gua水shui，並bing追zhui施shi膨peng瓜gua肥fei。

    二、西瓜畸形果的防治措施

    1

、雖然各類畸形果的形成原因略有差異，但其共同特點是在花芽分化期或雌花發育期經受低溫，易形成畸形花而發育成畸形果；faxianqianqichuxianjixingguatai
，ruguowaijieqiwendi，buyaojiyuzhaichu，kezanshibaoliudiyihediercihuagua，daichuxiandisancihuashi，waijieqiwenyeshenggao
，jishizhaichudiyihediercihuagua
，baoliudisancihuagua，yibandounenggouzhengchangshengchangfayu。

    2、開花坐瓜期遇到高溫
、幹旱，花粉發芽率降低
，致使授粉受精不良，果實膨大期肥水不足或偏施氮肥，土壤中氮、磷
、鉀失衡；留瓜節位過高或過低，影響同化物質對果實的供應；人工授粉技術失誤，進行偏斜授粉；病bing蟲chong危wei害hai

，特te別bie是shi病bing毒du病bing危wei害hai等deng
，均jun可ke導dao致zhi畸ji形xing果guo的de形xing成cheng
，應ying針zhen對dui具ju體ti情qing況kuang，在zai開kai花hua坐zuo果guo期qi
，控kong製zhi生sheng長chang，以yi防fang徒tu長chang，避bi免mian高gao節jie位wei坐zuo瓜gua，進jin行xing人ren工gong授shou粉fen，加jia強qiang田tian間jian管guan理li，水shui分fen均jun衡heng供gong應ying等deng栽zai培pei措cuo施shi，防fang止zhi畸ji形xing瓜gua的de產chan生sheng。