首先,預防高溫障礙,促進大紅西紅柿轉色。研究證明,西紅柿最適宜的轉色溫度為24℃,但是現在拱棚內白天的溫度大都在24℃以上。在晴天上午10點以後及下午4點之前,棚內的溫度都在30℃以上,在中午溫度最高時,拱棚內的溫度可達40℃yishang,erzheyangdegaowen,jiuhuiyingxiangfanqiehongsudexingcheng,erhuluobusuzaizheyangdegaowentiaojianxia,querengrannenggouxingcheng,zheyangjiushidedahongxihongshidesezebianhuangbiandan,yingxiangxihongshideshangpinxing。suoyi,cainongzaixihongshizhuanseqi,yinggaijinliangjiangwendukongzhizaishiyixihongshizhuansedewendufanweizhinei,ruzaigongpengdedingbushiyongzheyangwang、jiangwenjidengfangfa,weixihongshizheyangjiangwen,huozaixihongshideshangbuanzhuangpenwushebei,tongguozaigaowenshipenwulaijiangdipengneiwendudengfangfa,cujinxihongshidezhuanse。lingwaizhuyi,zaicaiyongzheyangwangjiangwenshi,zaishangwu10點之前及下午3點半之後,一定要將遮陽網收起,以防西紅柿果實見光不足,影響西紅柿的轉色。
其(qi)次(ci),注(zhu)意(yi)大(da)量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)與(yu)中(zhong)微(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)配(pei)合(he)使(shi)用(yong)。在(zai)夏(xia)季(ji),因(yin)為(wei)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)較(jiao)快(kuai),需(xu)要(yao)的(de)礦(kuang)質(zhi)營(ying)養(yang)也(ye)多(duo),尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)到(dao)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)進(jin)入(ru)轉(zhuan)色(se)期(qi)之(zhi)後(hou),很(hen)多(duo)菜(cai)農(nong)都(dou)習(xi)慣(guan)衝(chong)施(shi)高(gao)氮(dan)高(gao)鉀(jia)的(de)肥(fei)料(liao)促(cu)進(jin)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)的(de)轉(zhuan)色(se),而(er)這(zhe)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)導(dao)致(zhi)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)轉(zhuan)色(se)不(bu)良(liang)。這(zhe)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)鉀(jia)肥(fei)與(yu)硼(peng)等(deng)微(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)之(zhi)間(jian)存(cun)在(zai)拮(jie)抗(kang)作(zuo)用(yong),當(dang)鉀(jia)肥(fei)使(shi)用(yong)過(guo)量(liang)時(shi),就(jiu)會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)對(dui)硼(peng)肥(fei)的(de)吸(xi)收(shou)利(li)用(yong),導(dao)致(zhi)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)缺(que)硼(peng),西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)轉(zhuan)色(se)不(bu)良(liang)。又(you)因(yin)拱(gong)棚(peng)的(de)澆(jiao)水(shui)時(shi)間(jian)間(jian)隔(ge)在(zai)一(yi)周(zhou)左(zuo)右(you),如(ru)果(guo)菜(cai)農(nong)連(lian)續(xu)衝(chong)施(shi)高(gao)氮(dan)高(gao)鉀(jia)肥(fei)料(liao),而(er)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)又(you)不(bu)能(neng)完(wan)全(quan)吸(xi)收(shou)利(li)用(yong),就(jiu)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)的(de)氮(dan)、鉀含量過高,所以建議菜農澆三次水衝兩次肥,或者將原來每次衝施水溶肥5千克左右的量減為3千克左右即可,同時還要注意葉麵噴施硼等中微量元素肥料,以促進西紅柿的轉色。
再次,預防蟲害。因為今年春天至今,降水量較少,導致蟎蟲、薊馬、粉虱、蚜(ya)蟲(chong)等(deng)發(fa)生(sheng)較(jiao)重(zhong),而(er)這(zhe)些(xie)害(hai)蟲(chong)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)分(fen)泌(mi)物(wu)容(rong)易(yi)在(zai)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)的(de)果(guo)實(shi)上(shang)粘(zhan)著(zhe),並(bing)發(fa)生(sheng)黴(mei)變(bian),導(dao)致(zhi)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)果(guo)實(shi)上(shang)出(chu)現(xian)一(yi)層(ceng)黑(hei)色(se)黴(mei)層(ceng),從(cong)而(er)影(ying)響(xiang)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)果(guo)實(shi)的(de)見(jian)光(guang),致(zhi)使(shi)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)轉(zhuan)色(se)不(bu)良(liang)。所(suo)以(yi)菜(cai)農(nong)還(hai)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)使(shi)用(yong)藍(lan)色(se)、黃色粘蟲板及防蟲網等物理防治手段,減少這些蟲害的發生。也可使用阿維菌素、甲維鹽、啶蟲脒等藥劑及煙熏劑等殺滅這些害蟲,以減輕對西紅柿的影響,促進西紅柿的轉色。
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