伴ban隨sui夏xia季ji到dao來lai,冬dong春chun茬cha蔬shu菜cai進jin入ru了le生sheng長chang後hou期qi,越yue夏xia茬cha蔬shu菜cai進jin入ru了le種zhong植zhi初chu期qi,如ru何he根gen據ju溫wen度du變bian化hua而er製zhi定ding相xiang應ying的de管guan理li措cuo施shi呢ne?專zhuan家jia認ren為wei,應ying把ba握wo好hao以yi下xia四si要yao點dian:
一、調整棚膜,合理控溫。對於冬暖大棚來說,當最低氣溫穩定在15℃之(zhi)上(shang)時(shi),應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)撤(che)掉(diao)草(cao)簾(lian)或(huo)夜(ye)間(jian)不(bu)再(zai)進(jin)行(xing)覆(fu)蓋(gai),以(yi)免(mian)夜(ye)溫(wen)過(guo)高(gao),大(da)量(liang)消(xiao)耗(hao)營(ying)養(yang)而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)開(kai)花(hua)坐(zuo)果(guo)不(bu)良(liang)。隨(sui)著(zhe)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)繼(ji)續(xu)升(sheng)高(gao),頂(ding)風(feng)應(ying)加(jia)大(da)通(tong)風(feng)量(liang)和(he)通(tong)風(feng)時(shi)間(jian)。當(dang)頂(ding)風(feng)難(nan)以(yi)控(kong)製(zhi)棚(peng)內(nei)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)升(sheng)高(gao)時(shi),再(zai)將(jiang)前(qian)臉(lian)處(chu)的(de)通(tong)風(feng)口(kou)拉(la)開(kai),並(bing)采(cai)取(qu)適(shi)當(dang)遮(zhe)陽(yang)降(jiang)溫(wen)的(de)措(cuo)施(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)作(zuo)物(wu)正(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)長(chang)。
對於拱棚來說,可根據實際情況采用以下幾個方式以達到調控棚室環境,利於蔬菜生長的目的:yishidingmobudongrengyongsuliaobomo,quzouqunmo。zhezhongfangshiyongdingmozheyu,xiabuweizhitongfengtoushi。ershidingmobudongrengyongsuliaobomo,quzouqunmogaifangchongwang。zhezhongfangshiyongdingmozheyu,nenggelihaichong,fangzhihaichongweihaipengneishucai,danpengneitongfengtoushichengdujiaocha,yichuxiangaowenhuogaoshiqingkuang。sanshiququnmo,baoliusuliaodingmodejichushang,waigaizheyangwang。zhezhongfangshichangyongyuyuexiashucaideshengchanheyumiao。
二、qianghuafeishui,tigaodongchunchashucaihouqixiaoyi。lixiahou,dongchunchashucaiduoyijinrushengchanghouqi,bukebimiandiyaochuxianzhizhudeshuaitui,zheshiyingjiaqiangguanli,yijinlianghuodezuigaoxiaoyi。
可從養葉和護根兩方麵著手進行強化管理,每隔7-10天葉麵噴施一次全營養的葉肥,如芳潤(20:20:20),及時供給蔬菜生長所需的營養。衝肥更不能隻衝高氮化肥,可用芳潤(20:10:30)進行衝施,也可用硫酸鉀複合肥配合複合型微生物菌肥進行衝施,以達到壯根促果,提高產量的目的。
三、越yue夏xia蔬shu菜cai,促cu根gen控kong秧yang培pei育yu壯zhuang棵ke。溫wen度du高gao,植zhi株zhu易yi徒tu長chang。管guan理li上shang除chu要yao做zuo好hao棚peng室shi環huan境jing的de調tiao控kong外wai,還hai要yao注zhu意yi土tu壤rang和he澆jiao水shui的de控kong製zhi,以yi培pei育yu健jian壯zhuang的de根gen係xi。
定植時,可穴施生根抗死棵生物菌肥,畝用80-120gongjin,bujinkeyouxiaodiyizhigenbubinghaidefasheng,erqiehaikeqidaocujinshenggen,yizhiwangchangdezuoyong,liyuzhuangkedepeiyu。dingzhihuanmiaohou,kongzhijiaoshui,bingjishizhonggenghuachu,shusongturang,zengqiangturangdetouqixing,cujingenxifada。
在植株發生徒長後,可及時使用助壯素750倍或矮壯素1500倍等抑製劑進行調節。
四、yanfangbingchong,youqishibingdubinghehaichong。zuoweidongchunchashucai,bingchongfangzhibunengfangsong,yinweiruorenqifazhan,bujinhuijiangdigaichashucaidechanlianghexiaoguo,erqiehuizengjiapengshizhongbingyuanjundeshuliang,buliyuxiachazuowudeshengchan。rufanqieyemeibingkeyongjiaruinonghuoshigaodengyaojipenwufangzhi,bingyaopenyanpentou;再如細菌性病害可用銅製劑或鏈黴素進行噴霧防治。
隨著溫度升高,病毒病和蟲害更成為冬春茬蔬菜和越夏蔬菜的重要障礙,因此更要嚴格控製。如蚜蟲、粉虱等可用啶蟲咪混加撲虱靈進行噴霧防治,也可灌根防治;再如病毒病可用寧南黴素或病毒A等加含鋅葉麵肥進行噴霧防治。
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