化瓜是指雌花形成後逐漸凋萎、脫落,或幼瓜不能繼續長成商品瓜也逐漸凋萎、脫落的現象。化瓜現象是黃瓜生產上普遍存在的問題,特別是在保護地內栽培的黃瓜,如果管理不善,化瓜率甚至會達到50%,嚴重影響產量。
病因分析 低溫弱光:miaoqihuoshengchangqianqiyudaolianyintiandengdiwenruoguangtianqi,zhizhuhuixingchengdaliangcihua,danyoudedapengwendudi,guangzhaobuzu,zhizhuguanghezuoyongruo,zhizaodeyangfenshao,bunengmanzumeigeguatiaoshengchangfayuduiyangfendexuqiu。wenduguodi,baitiandiyu20℃,晚上低於10℃,根係吸收能力會受到影響,導致植株因“饑餓”而化瓜。管理不當:大量施用氮肥,澆水過多,莖葉徒長,消耗大量養分,或缺水缺肥,這些因素均會導致化瓜。氣體濃度不適:空氣中二氧化碳含量為0.03%,基本可以滿足光合作用的需要。但秋冬季因棚室密封,放風晚,上午光合作用強烈,二氧化碳被迅速消耗,濃度迅速降低到0.01%,很難滿足光合作用的需要,致使有機營養不足,容易引起化瓜。生長失調:莖(jing)葉(ye)生(sheng)長(chang)旺(wang)盛(sheng),消(xiao)耗(hao)養(yang)分(fen),瓜(gua)條(tiao)發(fa)育(yu)所(suo)需(xu)養(yang)分(fen)不(bu)足(zu)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)化(hua)瓜(gua)。生(sheng)殖(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)過(guo)旺(wang),雌(ci)花(hua)數(shu)目(mu)過(guo)多(duo),瓜(gua)條(tiao)過(guo)密(mi),植(zhi)株(zhu)負(fu)擔(dan)過(guo)重(zhong),養(yang)分(fen)供(gong)應(ying)不(bu)足(zu),也(ye)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)化(hua)瓜(gua)。
防治方法 增強光照:應在中午前後短期揭簾,使植株接受散射光。有條件時,可安裝農用紅外燈補光增溫。葉麵噴肥與激素處理:用1%的磷酸二氫鉀加0.4%的葡萄糖加0.4%的尿素混合液,以及15.5×10-6的保瓜靈噴灑葉麵。也可用100×10-6的de赤chi黴mei素su噴pen花hua,可ke促cu進jin瓜gua條tiao生sheng長chang,防fang止zhi因yin低di溫wen化hua瓜gua。值zhi得de注zhu意yi的de是shi,過guo去qu菜cai農nong習xi慣guan使shi用yong增zeng瓜gua靈ling促cu進jin坐zuo瓜gua,但dan是shi,使shi用yong增zeng瓜gua靈ling後hou,黃huang瓜gua的de品pin質zhi變bian差cha,風feng味wei不bu好hao,價jia格ge略lve低di。更geng大da的de問wen題ti是shi,使shi用yong增zeng瓜gua靈ling等deng保bao果guo藥yao劑ji後hou,經jing過guo蘸zhan花hua的de黃huang瓜gua雖sui然ran坐zuo住zhu了le,但dan植zhi株zhu的de營ying養yang是shi一yi定ding的de,上shang麵mian的de瓜gua就jiu很hen難nan坐zuo住zhu了le。溫wen度du調tiao控kong:冬季由於低溫而出現化瓜,則應該盡量提高溫度,尤其是地溫,地溫不能低於10℃,一般應在14℃以yi上shang。地di溫wen的de提ti高gao並bing不bu一yi定ding依yi靠kao溫wen室shi結jie構gou的de優you良liang或huo完wan全quan依yi賴lai晴qing朗lang的de天tian氣qi,菜cai農nong可ke以yi在zai定ding植zhi時shi,在zai行xing間jian埋mai入ru玉yu米mi秸jie稈gan或huo在zai行xing間jian鋪pu玉yu米mi秸jie稈gan,利li用yong玉yu米mi秸jie稈gan分fen解jie產chan生sheng的de熱re量liang提ti高gao地di溫wen,效xiao果guo很hen好hao。在zai適shi宜yi的de溫wen度du下xia,黃huang瓜gua植zhi株zhu的de抗kang性xing較jiao強qiang。協xie調tiao營ying養yang生sheng長chang與yu生sheng殖zhi生sheng長chang的de關guan係xi:針對由於采收不及時而“墜秧”,引yin起qi生sheng長chang失shi調tiao導dao致zhi的de化hua瓜gua現xian象xiang,應ying加jia強qiang肥fei水shui管guan理li,及ji時shi采cai瓜gua。及ji時shi摘zhai除chu畸ji形xing瓜gua,疏shu除chu過guo密mi瓜gua。還hai有you一yi種zhong化hua瓜gua是shi由you於yu莖jing葉ye徒tu長chang引yin起qi的de,莖jing葉ye之zhi所suo以yi徒tu長chang,是shi由you於yu采cai瓜gua過guo於yu頻pin繁fan,植zhi株zhu上shang沒mei有you旺wang盛sheng生sheng長chang的de瓜gua,使shi營ying養yang物wu質zhi大da都dou供gong養yang莖jing葉ye的de生sheng長chang,結jie果guo莖jing葉ye生sheng長chang過guo旺wang,植zhi株zhu走zou上shang了le另ling一yi條tiao代dai謝xie途tu徑jing,營ying養yang不bu再zai優you先xian供gong應ying幼you瓜gua的de生sheng長chang,結jie果guo是shi營ying養yang雖sui然ran充chong足zu,但dan瓜gua反fan而er化hua掉diao了le。遇yu到dao這zhe種zhong情qing況kuang可ke噴pen乙yi烯xi利li等deng抑yi製zhi莖jing葉ye徒tu長chang。但dan最zui好hao的de預yu防fang方fang法fa是shi注zhu意yi采cai收shou標biao準zhun,既ji要yao及ji時shi采cai收shou,又you要yao讓rang植zhi株zhu上shang保bao存cun有you至zhi少shao一yi條tiao旺wang盛sheng生sheng長chang的de瓜gua,也ye就jiu是shi菜cai農nong所suo說shuo的de讓rang黃huang瓜gua植zhi株zhu“壓著長”。如因缺水缺肥化瓜,要及時澆水施肥。建造高標準溫室:建(jian)造(zao)采(cai)光(guang)和(he)保(bao)溫(wen)性(xing)能(neng)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)冬(dong)用(yong)型(xing)日(ri)光(guang)溫(wen)室(shi)是(shi)預(yu)防(fang)黃(huang)瓜(gua)化(hua)瓜(gua)的(de)根(gen)本(ben)措(cuo)施(shi)。隻(zhi)有(you)保(bao)溫(wen)性(xing)能(neng)極(ji)好(hao),進(jin)行(xing)越(yue)冬(dong)黃(huang)瓜(gua)生(sheng)產(chan)時(shi),化(hua)瓜(gua)現(xian)象(xiang)才(cai)能(neng)很(hen)少(shao)出(chu)現(xian)。授(shou)粉(fen):少數品種因單性結實能力差引起的化瓜可通過人工授粉、在溫室內放養蜜蜂等措施,刺激子房膨大,降低化瓜率,通常可使化瓜率下降70%左右。
手機版




