jubizheduoniantiaoyan,zaixiguashengchanzhong,youbaifenzhishizuoyoudeguatian,guamiaofengchang。fengchangdeguamiaobiaoxianweijiejianchangercuqienen,yepiandaerboqiesedan,yegengxierchangqiebibo,bufenhuacihua,huofenhuawanqieruo,zuobuzhugua。suijingzhaixin、掐蔓、壓蔓、化學控製等各種措施控製,效果都不好,輕者減產20-30%,嚴重者已近絕產。
為什麼能出現瘋長現象呢?據筆者多年的調查研究,西瓜瘋長的原因,主要是肥水管理不當。
西瓜田一般施肥量都很多,包括土雜肥、豬糞、雞糞、餅肥、化hua肥fei等deng。一yi般ban瓜gua農nong開kai一yi條tiao施shi肥fei溝gou,把ba所suo有you的de肥fei都dou集ji中zhong施shi入ru溝gou內nei,起qi壟long後hou瓜gua種zhong在zai肥fei溝gou之zhi上shang。這zhe樣yang由you於yu肥fei過guo於yu集ji中zhong,溶rong液ye濃nong度du高gao,不bu但dan容rong易yi燒shao壞huai苗miao,還hai極ji易yi引yin起qi西xi瓜gua苗miao期qi瘋feng長chang。這zhe種zhong西xi瓜gua苗miao,由you於yu營ying養yang生sheng長chang過guo旺wang,抑yi製zhi了le生sheng殖zhi生sheng長chang,不bu分fen化hua雌ci花hua,或huo分fen化hua晚wan且qie弱ruo,坐zuo不bu住zhu瓜gua。坐zuo不bu住zhu瓜gua,瓜gua蔓man更geng易yi瘋feng長chang。
多年來筆者推廣雙溝施肥法,效果不錯,不但沒有苗期瘋長,且瓜長得大。具體做法:相距20-30厘米開兩條深寬各20-30厘li米mi的de溝gou,把ba肥fei分fen兩liang溝gou施shi入ru。施shi肥fei後hou起qi壟long,瓜gua種zhong在zai兩liang肥fei溝gou之zhi間jian。這zhe樣yang瓜gua苗miao不bu會hui瘋feng長chang,更geng不bu會hui燒shao壞huai苗miao。瓜gua苗miao很hen快kuai就jiu能neng吸xi收shou到dao部bu分fen肥fei料liao,瓜gua苗miao壯zhuang而er不bu旺wang,強qiang而er不bu瘋feng,雌ci花hua分fen化hua早zao且qie壯zhuang。膨peng瓜gua時shi,大da部bu分fen根gen係xi在zai兩liang肥fei溝gou範fan圍wei內nei,不bu脫tuo肥fei,瓜gua長chang得de大da。
引yin起qi瘋feng長chang的de第di二er個ge原yuan因yin是shi水shui管guan理li不bu當dang。有you些xie瓜gua農nong,苗miao期qi遇yu到dao幹gan旱han,便bian由you機ji器qi抽chou水shui澆jiao灌guan,或huo遇yu大da雨yu,瓜gua田tian水shui分fen飽bao和he,再zai加jia上shang施shi肥fei集ji中zhong苗miao下xia,瓜gua苗miao極ji易yi瘋feng長chang。解jie決jue的de辦ban法fa是shi:⑴瓜壟扣地膜。扣地膜的瓜壟內水分較均衡,平時保水、澆水或下大雨時,地膜阻擋了大量水分滲入瓜壟。⑵苗期幹旱不澆大水,可小水點澆,瓜苗不易瘋長。⑶gualongbuyiguochang。youxieguanongmeiyishizheyidian,bagualongqidejishimichang,yudayupaishuibuchang,jiaoshuiyidashuijinpao,zheyangbudanfeiyiliushi,qieguamiaojiyifengchang。yincijianyigualongyishimizuoyouweiyi,dayunengshunlipaichu,jiaoshuibuyijinpao,renweiyikongzhi。lingwai,yaozhuyifeiliaodan、磷、鉀的合理搭配。
綜合上述措施,不但瓜苗不會瘋長,且瓜長得大,瓜農不妨一試。
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