因為去年西紅柿“黃皮果”暴增,南臥石村人不得不改變傳統的一年一大茬西紅柿的種植,但要“變”也要明白“變”的原因。南臥石村人問:一個50米長的棚,黃皮果出了2500公斤,整個棚裏幾乎沒幾個好西紅柿。
黃(huang)皮(pi)果(guo)以(yi)前(qian)也(ye)時(shi)有(you)發(fa)生(sheng),可(ke)從(cong)未(wei)如(ru)此(ci)嚴(yan)重(zhong)。黃(huang)皮(pi)果(guo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)目(mu)前(qian)尚(shang)沒(mei)有(you)定(ding)論(lun),通(tong)過(guo)調(tiao)查(zha),除(chu)去(qu)品(pin)種(zhong)間(jian)的(de)差(cha)異(yi)外(wai),我(wo)們(men)懷(huai)疑(yi)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)黃(huang)皮(pi)果(guo)的(de)成(cheng)因(yin)有(you)以(yi)下(xia)幾(ji)個(ge):
1.溫(wen)度(du)因(yin)素(su)。溫(wen)度(du)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)造(zao)成(cheng)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)黃(huang)皮(pi)果(guo)的(de)最(zui)大(da)原(yuan)因(yin)。在(zai)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)黃(huang)皮(pi)果(guo)不(bu)太(tai)嚴(yan)重(zhong)時(shi),黃(huang)皮(pi)果(guo)最(zui)常(chang)出(chu)現(xian)在(zai)棚(peng)室(shi)前(qian)端(duan)和(he)通(tong)風(feng)口(kou)附(fu)近(jin)。這(zhe)些(xie)地(di)方(fang)共(gong)同(tong)的(de)特(te)點(dian)就(jiu)是(shi)溫(wen)度(du)偏(pian)低(di)且(qie)變(bian)化(hua)劇(ju)烈(lie)。根(gen)據(ju)研(yan)究(jiu),超(chao)過(guo)32℃時茄紅素形成受抑製,綠色果實轉熟期經8℃以下的低溫寒害,茄紅素形成受到幹擾和破壞,即使再給予適宜溫度果實也不再轉紅,形成黃皮果。低溫和溫度的劇烈變化也可能造成西紅柿著色不良,出現黃皮果。當地菜農李偉說:“quniantianqizaoqiurewanqiuliang,baitianrewanshangliang,qiutianwanshangyijinghenlengle,rendouchuanshanglehouhoudeyifu,keshiyoudepengwanshanghaibuguantongfengkou,zhouyewenchaguodazenmenengrangxihongshichanghaone?”
2.肥水條件。經觀察發現,在肥水充足、植zhi株zhu長chang勢shi過guo旺wang的de地di方fang,西xi紅hong柿shi出chu現xian黃huang皮pi果guo幾ji率lv更geng大da。而er且qie棚peng室shi前qian端duan通tong常chang也ye是shi積ji水shui積ji肥fei的de地di方fang。肥fei水shui尤you其qi是shi氮dan肥fei有you利li於yu果guo實shi內nei葉ye綠lv素su的de形xing成cheng,而er番fan茄qie成cheng熟shu顯xian色se所suo需xu的de茄qie紅hong素su則ze形xing成cheng受shou阻zu,出chu現xian黃huang皮pi果guo較jiao多duo。高gao氮dan缺que鉀jia,這zhe可ke能neng就jiu是shi西xi紅hong柿shi黃huang皮pi的de成cheng因yin。所suo以yi,在zai西xi紅hong柿shi的de結jie果guo期qi氮dan肥fei用yong量liang不bu宜yi過guo大da,而er應ying重zhong視shi鉀jia肥fei的de應ying用yong。
另(ling)外(wai),有(you)的(de)專(zhuan)家(jia)認(ren)為(wei),黃(huang)皮(pi)果(guo)的(de)產(chan)生(sheng)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)病(bing)毒(du)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)。病(bing)毒(du)雖(sui)然(ran)多(duo)在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)幹(gan)旱(han)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)易(yi)發(fa)病(bing),但(dan)也(ye)有(you)一(yi)些(xie)病(bing)毒(du)是(shi)在(zai)低(di)溫(wen)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)發(fa)生(sheng),如(ru)蘋(ping)果(guo)、taoshushangyixiebingduzaichunjifayashibiaoxianweixianzhengzhuangtai,huayeyanzhong,erqiwenshenggaohouzechuyuyinzhengzhuangtai,huayexiaoshi。erqieyouyixiecainongfanying,baifenshidengchonghaifashengyanzhongshihuangpiguofashenggengduo。
黃皮果一旦出現就無法消除,隻能以超低價賣掉或扔掉。要解決黃皮果隻能靠提前預防。我們建議:
首先要選擇一個抗青皮果、黃皮果的品種。
其次要注意西紅柿的溫度管理。西紅柿屬於喜溫性蔬菜,生育適溫為20-30℃。在秋季的晚上溫度最好不低於15℃,要yao注zhu意yi在zai下xia午wu關guan閉bi通tong風feng口kou,保bao持chi棚peng室shi內nei的de溫wen度du。溫wen度du劇ju烈lie變bian化hua常chang造zao成cheng黃huang皮pi果guo等deng問wen題ti,有you一yi些xie細xi心xin的de菜cai農nong,在zai通tong風feng口kou附fu近jin再zai懸xuan掛gua一yi層ceng薄bo膜mo,使shi外wai界jie較jiao冷leng的de空kong氣qi不bu直zhi接jie刺ci激ji西xi紅hong柿shi,也ye有you效xiao果guo。
再(zai)次(ci)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)肥(fei)水(shui)管(guan)理(li)和(he)整(zheng)枝(zhi)。注(zhu)意(yi)根(gen)據(ju)西(xi)紅(hong)柿(shi)不(bu)同(tong)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)需(xu)肥(fei)規(gui)律(lv)施(shi)肥(fei),坐(zuo)果(guo)前(qian)可(ke)適(shi)當(dang)多(duo)施(shi)氮(dan)肥(fei)促(cu)進(jin)植(zhi)株(zhu)生(sheng)長(chang),坐(zuo)果(guo)後(hou)多(duo)施(shi)鉀(jia)肥(fei)促(cu)進(jin)果(guo)實(shi)發(fa)育(yu)。噴(pen)施(shi)甲(jia)殼(ke)素(su)和(he)複(fu)合(he)微(wei)肥(fei)及(ji)6000beideaiduoshoukeyitigaozhizhudekangxing,jianshaohuangpiguodefasheng。jieguoqipengneiturangbuyiguofenganzao,yijianganjianshiweiyi。zhizhushengchangzhonghouqiyaobaozhengpengneidetongfengtouguangtiaojianlianghao。ruozhizhuzhiyetaiguomaosheng,keyishidangdejiandiaobufenyepian。
不能排除黃皮果是由病毒引起的,因此要注意防蟲治蟲,防止害蟲傳播病毒。通過棚內通風口等處設置防蟲網、懸掛黃色粘蟲板和藥劑防治等措施綜合防治害蟲,尤其是刺吸式口器傳毒害蟲,這對預防病毒病效果較好。
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