當dang前qian的de農nong藥yao防fang治zhi方fang法fa是shi消xiao滅mie土tu壤rang中zhong的de致zhi病bing菌jun,但dan是shi對dui大da麵mian積ji土tu壤rang徹che底di消xiao毒du非fei常chang困kun難nan。另ling外wai在zai土tu壤rang消xiao毒du過guo程cheng,也ye把ba土tu壤rang中zhong對dui有you害hai生sheng物wu起qi抑yi製zhi作zuo用yong的de有you益yi生sheng物wu一yi起qi殺sha死si,不bu僅jin不bu能neng有you效xiao控kong製zhi致zhi病bing菌jun的de生sheng長chang,反fan而er會hui起qi到dao相xiang反fan的de作zuo用yong。因yin此ci在zai采cai取qu農nong藥yao防fang治zhi措cuo施shi的de同tong時shi,建jian議yi合he理li調tiao節jie土tu壤rang性xing質zhi培pei育yu肥fei沃wo土tu壤rang,防fang止zhi黃huang葉ye病bing的de發fa生sheng或huo降jiang低di發fa病bing率lv。
1、調節土壤營養狀況。根據香蕉吸收氮、磷、鉀的比例(為1:0.2:2.5-3),應避免偏施氮肥,而多施鉀肥,培育健康的蕉苗,增強香蕉的抗病性。
2、增施有機肥。香蕉移栽前和大頭(可見球莖時)期,每株香蕉最好施用2-4斤完全腐熟的有機肥(能多施的要多施),如圈糞或堆漚肥。完全腐熟的有機肥不僅能供應適量的養分,而且可以改善土壤的結構,調節土壤保水、保bao肥fei性xing,還hai能neng豐feng富fu土tu壤rang中zhong的de有you益yi生sheng物wu,改gai善shan土tu壤rang微wei生sheng態tai係xi統tong,從cong而er抑yi製zhi或huo控kong製zhi黃huang葉ye病bing菌jun生sheng長chang。在zai有you條tiao件jian的de地di方fang向xiang有you機ji肥fei中zhong添tian加jia有you益yi菌jun,則ze效xiao果guo更geng好hao。
3、調節土壤酸堿度。香蕉移栽前用石灰或石灰氮(商品名叫正肥丹)chuliturang,tongguozhongheturangsuanxing,pohuaixiangjiaokuweibingdefabingtiaojianerkongzhihuangyebingdefasheng。lingwaishihuihuoshihuidanzhongdegaihaikeyigaishanxiangjiaodegaisuyingyang,zengqiangxiangjiaodekangbingxing。zaixiangjiaoshengchangguochengxuanyonghuafeishi,yixuanyongnengjiangditurangsuandudefeiliao,rudanfeizuihaoxuanxiaotaidanfeideng。
4、淹(yan)水(shui)閉(bi)氣(qi)處(chu)理(li)土(tu)壤(rang)。引(yin)起(qi)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)枯(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)的(de)生(sheng)物(wu)為(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)好(hao)氣(qi)生(sheng)物(wu),因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)病(bing)害(hai)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)地(di)塊(kuai),進(jin)行(xing)一(yi)定(ding)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)淹(yan)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)可(ke)達(da)到(dao)滅(mie)菌(jun)的(de)效(xiao)果(guo),從(cong)而(er)控(kong)製(zhi)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)枯(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。
5、生病的香蕉植株要挖掉。砍下的香蕉植株切記不可扔進排水溝、河he流liu等deng水shui係xi,以yi免mian病bing菌jun浸jin染ran水shui係xi,從cong而er造zao成cheng更geng多duo的de病bing害hai。砍kan下xia的de香xiang蕉jiao業ye不bu可ke以yi隨sui手shou丟diu在zai香xiang蕉jiao園yuan裏li,以yi免mian病bing害hai的de擴kuo撒sa。砍kan下xia的de香xiang蕉jiao要yao集ji中zhong放fang在zai與yu蕉jiao園yuan、水(shui)係(xi)隔(ge)離(li)的(de)地(di)方(fang),晾(liang)曬(shai)幹(gan)後(hou)焚(fen)燒(shao)。或(huo)將(jiang)砍(kan)下(xia)的(de)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)埋(mai)入(ru)與(yu)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)園(yuan)隔(ge)離(li)的(de)地(di)方(fang),在(zai)埋(mai)染(ran)病(bing)的(de)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)時(shi),最(zui)好(hao)撒(sa)石(shi)灰(hui)或(huo)石(shi)灰(hui)氮(dan)消(xiao)毒(du)。地(di)裏(li)香(xiang)蕉(jiao)頭(tou)的(de)地(di)方(fang)要(yao)用(yong)石(shi)灰(hui)等(deng)藥(yao)物(wu)消(xiao)毒(du)。
總之,在化學防治的基礎上再結合土壤培肥和土壤環境的調節措施,必定會大大降低甚至消除香蕉枯萎病的危害。
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