花果管理:1.預防晚霜。由於甜櫻桃萌芽、kaihuajiaoqitaguoshuzao,youqishijinjinianchunjiqiwenhuishengkuaiqiegao,shitianyingtaokaihuaqigengjiatiqian,zheyang,wanshuangduitianyingtaohuaqiheyouguojiugouchengleyanzhongweixie。yinci,yufangwanshuangshiquebaotianyingtaofengchan、穩產的一項重要措施。通常可采取以下措施:(1)根(gen)據(ju)甜(tian)櫻(ying)桃(tao)對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),在(zai)規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)園(yuan)時(shi),應(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)不(bu)易(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)霜(shuang)凍(dong)的(de)地(di)塊(kuai)建(jian)園(yuan)。同(tong)時(shi),對(dui)晚(wan)霜(shuang)容(rong)易(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)地(di)區(qu),要(yao)發(fa)展(zhan)甜(tian)櫻(ying)桃(tao)可(ke)選(xuan)用(yong)萌(meng)芽(ya)、開花較晚、抗霜凍能力較強的優品種。(2)加強果園肥水管理,特別是秋季早施基肥,防治早期落葉病,保護葉片,從而增強樹體貯備營養,提高抗凍能力。(3)在萌芽至開花前園內灌水,降低地溫,可延遲開花3—5天。樹冠噴灑可大枝,塗抹10﹪石灰水,使之反射陽光、降低溫度可延遲開花2—3天。2.提ti高gao坐zuo果guo率lv的de措cuo施shi。加jia強qiang采cai花hua後hou花hua芽ya分fen化hua期qi施shi肥fei,以yi速su效xiao肥fei為wei主zhu,保bao證zheng花hua芽ya充chong實shi,避bi免mian敗bai育yu花hua的de大da量liang形xing成cheng。秋qiu季ji施shi基ji肥fei,在zai落luo葉ye前qian進jin行xing,可ke盡jin快kuai發fa揮hui肥fei效xiao,提ti高gao樹shu體ti營ying養yang貯zhu備bei水shui平ping,增zeng強qiang抗kang寒han能neng力li,提ti高gao坐zuo果guo率lv。在zai開kai花hua前qian和he生sheng理li落luo果guo後hou,摘zhai除chu弱ruo小xiao、發育不良的花蕾及幼果,保證每個花束狀果枝留2—3個花蕾,每個花序留1—2個果,可以改善保留花果的養分供應,提高坐果率和單果重量。在甜櫻桃盛花期和落花後,每隔10天左右噴一次0.3%磷酸二氫鉀或0.3%硼砂和其混合液,均可顯著提高坐果率。
肥水管理:1.注重深翻改土。定植後1—2年,結合施基肥,在行間或株間開溝,打破定植穴“花盆式”難透水的狀況,使定植穴與溝相通,既促進根係伸展,又解決定植穴內積澇問題。2.duiyujinrushengguoqidetianyingtaoyuanyingbimianquanyuanyicixingshenfan,duiyoulingyuanjinxingshenfan,yaoliuchuzugoudeshupan,yimianshigenqunshoudaoshanghaizaochengshutishuaiwang。shenfanzuihaozaiwanqiujinxing,fanhouyinglijiguanshui。3.樹(shu)盤(pan)或(huo)全(quan)園(yuan)覆(fu)草(cao),即(ji)可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)水(shui)土(tu)流(liu)失(shi),又(you)可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)地(di)麵(mian)蒸(zheng)發(fa),保(bao)持(chi)土(tu)壤(rang)濕(shi)度(du)相(xiang)對(dui)穩(wen)定(ding),提(ti)高(gao)冬(dong)季(ji)地(di)溫(wen),促(cu)進(jin)土(tu)壤(rang)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)活(huo)動(dong),改(gai)善(shan)土(tu)壤(rang)結(jie)構(gou),從(cong)而(er)有(you)利(li)於(yu)甜(tian)櫻(ying)桃(tao)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)。4.根據甜櫻桃不同年齡時期的生長發育特點,在幼樹擴冠期(1—3年生),以施速效氮肥為主,輔之以適量磷肥,促進樹冠早成形,在初結果期(4—6年生)以施有機肥和複合肥為主,做到控氮、增磷、補鉀。
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