尿(niao)素(su)是(shi)目(mu)前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)固(gu)體(ti)氮(dan)肥(fei)中(zhong)濃(nong)度(du)最(zui)高(gao)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)氮(dan)肥(fei),其(qi)水(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)呈(cheng)中(zhong)性(xing)反(fan)應(ying)。尿(niao)素(su)除(chu)用(yong)於(yu)作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)底(di)肥(fei)外(wai),絕(jue)大(da)多(duo)數(shu)用(yong)於(yu)作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)追(zhui)肥(fei)。那(na)麼(me),怎(zen)樣(yang)才(cai)能(neng)提(ti)高(gao)尿(niao)素(su)的(de)追(zhui)肥(fei)效(xiao)果(guo)呢(ne)?主要應做到以下幾點:
1.genjuturangfeiliquedingzhuifeishuliang。shijianzhengming,duizhongdichantiandikuaizengjiashifeiliang,keyixianzhuditigaochanliang。duigaochantiankuaizebaochiyibanshifeishuipingjike。yibanzaishizunongfeihehuafeizuodifeidejichushang,yiyumihegaoliangliangdazuowuweili,zaigaofeilideturangshang,meimuzhuishi20公斤;在中等肥力的土壤上每畝追施23公斤;在低產的土壤上,則應追施27公斤。
2.在zai作zuo物wu營ying養yang盛sheng期qi追zhui肥fei。追zhui肥fei的de主zhu要yao作zuo用yong是shi用yong肥fei料liao調tiao節jie作zuo物wu的de長chang勢shi長chang相xiang,滿man足zu作zuo物wu生sheng育yu中zhong後hou期qi對dui營ying養yang的de需xu要yao,達da到dao提ti高gao產chan量liang的de目mu的de。提ti高gao追zhui施shi化hua肥fei利li用yong率lv的de關guan鍵jian是shi要yao掌zhang握wo各ge種zhong作zuo物wu對dui養yang分fen吸xi收shou的de臨lin界jie期qi和he最zui大da效xiao率lv期qi,盡jin量liang做zuo到dao在zai作zuo物wu的de營ying養yang盛sheng期qi追zhui肥fei,才cai能neng提ti高gao肥fei料liao的de利li用yong率lv。玉yu米mi應ying在zai拔ba節jie至zhi大da喇la叭ba口kou期qi;高梁應在拔節到孕穗期;水稻從返青至分蘖期;向日葵在現蕾期;小麥在三葉期;大豆在初花期追施尿素。
3.做到深施覆土。實踐證明,把尿素施在地表麵上常溫下4~5天後,大部分氮素便氨化揮發掉,其利用率隻有30%左右,尤其是在石灰性和堿性土壤的表麵,其氨的揮發損失更為嚴重。因此,在用尿素給旱田作物追肥時,最好是刨坑或開溝深施10limiyixia,zheyangcainengshiniaosuchuyuchaoshituzhizhong,youliyuniaosudezhuanhua,yeyouliyuantaifeibeiturangsuoxifu,jianshaohuifasunshi。zaiyongniaosugeishuidaozhuifeishi,shuicengzuishenbunengchaoguo3~5厘米。
4.yuzuowuyaobaochiyidingjuli。yinniaosuhandanlianggao,yangfennongduda,juyouhendadexishixing。yincizaizhuifeishi,yaofangzhibaniaosushizaizuowujixifujin,gengbunengbaniaosudiaojinzuowudexinyeli,yimianshaoshangyoumiao,yingxiangshengchang,yidingyaoyuzuowubaochiyidingjuli。
5.biqitadanfeitiqianshiyong。yinniaosushiyizhongdifenzideyoujihuahewu,shiruturanghouyaoyougeanhuaguocheng,zhuanhuaweiyizhonghuifaxinghenqiangdetansuananhou,cainengbeizuowugenxixishou。yinci,yongniaosugeizuowuzhuifeishiyingbiqitadanfeitiqian7天左右施用。
6.切(qie)忌(ji)與(yu)堿(jian)性(xing)肥(fei)料(liao)混(hun)施(shi)。尿(niao)素(su)屬(shu)於(yu)中(zhong)性(xing)肥(fei)料(liao),追(zhui)肥(fei)時(shi)切(qie)忌(ji)與(yu)堿(jian)性(xing)化(hua)肥(fei)混(hun)合(he)同(tong)時(shi)施(shi)用(yong),以(yi)防(fang)降(jiang)低(di)肥(fei)效(xiao)。如(ru)果(guo)與(yu)堿(jian)性(xing)肥(fei)料(liao)非(fei)混(hun)合(he)施(shi)用(yong)不(bu)可(ke)時(shi),也(ye)要(yao)錯(cuo)開(kai)施(shi)肥(fei)日(ri)期(qi),一(yi)般(ban)隔(ge)3—5天即可。但尿素與氯化鉀、磷礦粉和過磷酸鈣等肥料混合施用時,其增產效果很顯著。
7.zhuishihoubuyimashangguanshui。niaosushiruturanghou,zaimobeifenjiezhuanhuaqian,shibunengbeiturangsuoxifude。ruguozaizhuihoumashangguanshui,huizaochengniaosudedaliangliushi。turangqueshuiyanzhong,feiguanshuibukeshi,yeyaozuodaoxiaoshuiqinguan,qiejidashuimanguan。zaigeishuidaozhuifeishi,yingkaolvdaoniaosuzaizhuanhuaqianliudongxingjiaodadetedian,zhuishihougengbunengmashangguanshui,yibanzaizhuihou3~5天灌一次小水為宜。
8.zuogenwaizhuifei。niaosuduizuowuyepiansunshangjiaoxiao,youyirongyushui,kuosanxingqiang,yibeiyepianxishou,jinruyepianhoubuyiyinqizhibifenlixianxiang,yincihenshiyugenwaizhuifei。danyaoxuanyongsuoerniaohanliangbuchaoguo2%的尿素,以防損失葉片。用尿素做根外追肥的濃度因作物種類不同而有差異,禾本科作物根外追肥的濃度為1.5%~2 %;用於雙葉子作物根外追肥的濃度為1%,在作物開花期濃度還應小些。一般每畝用尿素根外追肥數量為0.5~1.5公斤即可。噴施的時間在下午4時後進行為宜,此時蒸騰量少,葉麵氣孔逐漸張開,在一夜間基本上可把稀釋的尿素溶液吸收完,大大提高尿素的利用率。
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