根據土壤特性施用堿性土壤,可以施酸性或生理酸性的氮肥,如硫酸銨、氯化銨等,它們除了能中和土壤中的堿性外,還能形成容易被作物吸收的銨態氮;而在酸性土壤上,可選施堿性或生理堿性氮肥,如尿素、硝酸鈉、硝酸鈣、xiaosuanangaihuoshihuidandeng。tamenyifangmiankejiangditurangzhongdesuanxing,lingyifangmianzaisuanxingtiaojianxiaxingchengrongyibeizuowuxishoudexiaotaidan。zaiyanjiantuzhongbuyishiyonghanlvdelvhuaan,yimianzengjiayanfen,yingxiangzuowushengchang。feiwodeturangshidanliangyaoshao,baofeinengliqiangdeturangshifeicishukeshaoxie;反之,施氮量應適當增加,而且要分次施用。
根據作物種類與生長情況施用各種作物對氮的需求是不一樣的,如甘蔗、葉菜類蔬菜等作物需氮較多,水稻、玉米、小xiao麥mai等deng作zuo物wu需xu氮dan中zhong等deng,而er豆dou科ke作zuo物wu有you根gen瘤liu菌jun固gu定ding空kong氣qi中zhong的de氮dan素su,因yin而er需xu氮dan較jiao少shao。不bu同tong作zuo物wu對dui氮dan肥fei品pin種zhong的de反fan應ying也ye不bu同tong,如ru水shui稻dao施shi用yong銨an態tai氮dan肥fei,尤you以yi氯lv化hua銨an、碳銨和尿素效果好。馬鈴薯施用硫酸銨效果好。忌氯作物如煙草、澱粉類作物、putaodengyingshaoshihuobushilvhuaan。duoshushucaishiyongxiaotaidanfeixiaoguohao。zuowubutongshengyuqishidanfeidexiaoguoyebuyiyang。zaizuowuxufeideguanjianshiqi,ruzaiyingyanglinjieqihuozuidaxiaolvqijinxingshifei,zengchanzuoyongxianzhu。ruyumizaichousuikaihuaqianhouxuyaoyangfenzuiduo,zhongshisuifeinenghuodexianzhuzengchan。suoyigenjuzuowuduiyangfendeyaoqiu,zhangwoshiyideshifeishiqiheshuliang,shiyouxiaoshiyongdanfeideguanjian。
根據氮肥的性質施用碳銨、氨水都要深施蓋土,防止揮發。由於它們都是速效肥,在土壤中又不易流失,故可作基肥和追肥,適宜在水田、旱地施用;xiaotaidanfeizaiturangzhongyidongxingda,feixiaokuai,shiyizuohandizhuifei。niaosuzhongdedansuchenganjitaicunzai,zaiturangzhongyibanxujingzhuanhua,zuowucainengdaliangxishou,zhuanhuaqianqifeixiaomeiyouantaidanfeihexiaotaidanfeikuai,zuozhuifeiyingbiyibanfeiliaotiqian3~5天,不宜作種肥,但尿素作為根外追肥最為理想,適用於各類土壤和各種作物。總之,要根據氮肥的特性來考慮其施用方法。
與適量磷鉀肥配合施用在缺乏有效磷和有效鉀的土壤上,單施氮肥效果很差,增施氮肥還有可能減產。因為在缺磷、鉀jia的de情qing況kuang下xia,蛋dan白bai質zhi和he許xu多duo重zhong要yao含han氮dan化hua合he物wu都dou很hen難nan形xing成cheng,嚴yan重zhong影ying響xiang作zuo物wu生sheng長chang。各ge地di試shi驗yan已yi證zheng明ming,氮dan肥fei與yu適shi量liang磷lin鉀jia肥fei配pei合he施shi用yong,增zeng產chan效xiao果guo顯xian著zhu。
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