果園冬季修剪在一定程度上影響著來年的產量和品質,因此掌握修剪的“火候”顯得尤為重要。高級農藝師張福明說:“果樹生長、結果表現是衡量修剪技術運用正確與否的標尺。”
縮放有度
幼樹修剪必須糾正所有枝條都放的傾向,對徒長枝、背上直立枝、重疊枝以及過強的競爭枝必須疏除。為早結果實行輕剪長放,大量結果後的枝不要無止境長放。應根據果樹本身的表現,有計劃、youmudedijinxingbutongchengduhuisuo。yifangzaochengjieguobuweiwaiyi,neitangguoshizhesebuliangdengwenti。suizheshuguandekuoda,zaipeizheyaokaolvshengchangyujieguodepingheng,xingjianyuguanneidetongfengtouguangwenti。meinianshengchangqiyaozaixiguanchaguoshudexiujianfanying。guoshubenshenjiushiyigehuodejiluqi,ruyouxieshuchouzhiduoerwang,jieguoyoushao,shuomingjiandeguozhong、打頭過多,使營養生長占了主體。反之,有些樹抽枝少而短,結果過多,說明修剪太輕,使生殖生長占了主體。
疏枝和開角
目前生產上有相當一部分果樹表現出大枝過多、樹shu冠guan過guo密mi,主zhu枝zhi角jiao度du不bu開kai張zhang,結jie果guo不bu良liang。冬dong剪jian時shi,若ruo遇yu主zhu枝zhi過guo多duo,把ba門men側ce過guo大da,要yao因yin園yuan因yin樹shu修xiu剪jian,按an樹shu形xing要yao求qiu,逐zhu年nian有you計ji劃hua剪jian除chu多duo餘yu大da枝zhi。樹shu冠guan不bu開kai張zhang的de樹shu,要yao采cai用yong撐cheng拉la別bie或huo背bei生sheng枝zhi換huan頭tou的de辦ban法fa開kai張zhang主zhu枝zhi角jiao度du,必bi要yao時shi可ke采cai用yong連lian三san鋸ju的de辦ban法fa加jia大da主zhu枝zhi角jiao度du。隻zhi要yao取qu掉diao不bu必bi要yao的de大da枝zhi,加jia上shang主zhu枝zhi角jiao度du開kai張zhang,樹shu勢shi就jiu自zi然ran緩huan和he下xia來lai,光guang的de問wen題ti就jiu解jie決jue了le,花hua芽ya就jiu會hui大da量liang形xing成cheng。
因樹修剪
對dui主zhu枝zhi背bei上shang著zhe生sheng的de多duo年nian生sheng大da枝zhi要yao及ji時shi處chu理li,防fang止zhi樹shu上shang長chang樹shu。對dui以yi短duan果guo枝zhi結jie果guo的de元yuan帥shuai係xi等deng品pin種zhong,在zai營ying養yang生sheng長chang未wei轉zhuan化hua為wei生sheng殖zhi生sheng長chang以yi前qian,要yao多duo長chang放fang少shao短duan截jie,單dan軸zhou延yan伸shen,不bu見jian果guo不bu回hui縮suo,加jia大da枝zhi條tiao開kai張zhang角jiao度du,枝zhi量liang過guo大da注zhu意yi疏shu枝zhi。嚴yan禁jin見jian枝zhi打da頭tou的de剪jian法fa。花hua芽ya過guo量liang的de大da年nian樹shu,要yao重zhong視shi短duan截jie促cu生sheng長chang。而er花hua芽ya極ji少shao的de小xiao年nian樹shu,要yao千qian方fang百bai計ji保bao留liu花hua芽ya,並bing對dui易yi形xing成cheng腋ye花hua芽ya的de樹shu,對dui外wai圍wei發fa育yu枝zhi一yi定ding要yao輕qing剪jian長chang放fang,利li用yong腋ye花hua芽ya結jie果guo,提ti高gao小xiao年nian產chan量liang。矮ai化hua富fu士shi樹shu容rong易yi出chu現xian下xia強qiang上shang弱ruo的de現xian象xiang,中zhong央yang導dao幹gan容rong易yi變bian弱ruo,必bi須xu疏shu去qu下xia部bu大da枝zhi或huo輔fu養yang枝zhi,嚴yan格ge控kong製zhi把ba門men側ce枝zhi,保bao證zheng中zhong央yang導dao幹gan占zhan絕jue對dui優you勢shi。
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