旺(wang)了(le)棵(ke)子(zi)不(bu)結(jie)果(guo)是(shi)植(zhi)物(wu)界(jie)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)普(pu)遍(bian)現(xian)象(xiang),在(zai)棚(peng)室(shi)作(zuo)物(wu)栽(zai)培(pei)中(zhong),由(you)於(yu)密(mi)閉(bi)和(he)高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)濕(shi)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian),此(ci)種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)更(geng)為(wei)普(pu)遍(bian)發(fa)生(sheng),對(dui)產(chan)量(liang)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)很(hen)大(da)。
wanglekezijizhizuowuzhizhutuchang,wulungualeihaishiqieguoleishucaidejingganhezhiyeshengchangshiwangsheng,yepiandaerlv,jiejianchangerxi,zhiyefanmao,zhujianyubi,tongfengtouguangbuliang。buzuoguoshizhiwuhualeihuohualeixiaoershouruo,gengduodeweizuoguoshijianwan,luohualuoguoyanzhonghuoyifashenghuagua。
congzhiwushenglishangfenxi,wanglekezibuzuoguodezhuyaoyuanyinshiyingyangshengchangyushengzhishengchangbuxietiao,jizuowudejingganzhiyeshengchangshiguoqiang,guoyuwangshengshi,xiaohaoledaliangdeyingyangwuzhi,yingyangdaliangbeiyepianheshengchangdianduozou,shihuayafenhuahuogongyinghuaguoshengchangdeyingyangquefasuoyinqi。
在生產上導致作物徒長的主要原因有如下幾個:首shou先xian是shi溫wen度du高gao,無wu論lun地di溫wen還hai是shi氣qi溫wen在zai較jiao高gao的de情qing況kuang下xia,生sheng長chang發fa育yu進jin程cheng必bi然ran加jia快kuai。其qi次ci是shi濕shi度du大da,澆jiao水shui充chong足zu,土tu壤rang含han水shui量liang較jiao大da的de情qing況kuang下xia,能neng增zeng加jia莖jing葉ye的de生sheng長chang速su度du。另ling外wai,光guang照zhao弱ruo能neng促cu進jin營ying養yang生sheng長chang,抑yi製zhi生sheng殖zhi器qi官guan的de形xing成cheng和he發fa育yu。再zai是shi偏pian施shi化hua肥fei,尤you其qi是shi氮dan素su化hua肥fei,直zhi接jie引yin起qi莖jing葉ye的de旺wang長chang。旺wang了le棵ke子zi往wang往wang是shi以yi上shang綜zong合he因yin素su共gong同tong發fa生sheng作zuo用yong形xing成cheng的de。在zai防fang治zhi病bing蟲chong害hai不bu當dang或huo不bu良liang氣qi候hou影ying響xiang下xia,導dao致zhi花hua蕾lei坐zuo不bu住zhu,整zheng枝zhi吊diao秧yang不bu及ji時shi,形xing成cheng田tian間jian鬱yu閉bi時shi,也ye能neng形xing成cheng越yue是shi坐zuo不bu住zhu果guo越yue是shi旺wang長chang的de惡e性xing循xun環huan。
預防旺棵子的主要措施,一是加強通風降溫;二是合理澆水,控製好土壤濕度;三是適當調節光照強度;四是氮磷鉀肥配合施用,不偏施氮肥;五是及時搞好病蟲害防治;六是適時整枝吊秧,打老葉、病葉,增強株間通風透光;七是中耕劃鋤促生新根;八是及時落蔓或培土。
當作物有徒長趨勢或已發生旺長時,可用植物激素進行化控。茄果類、瓜類或豆類蔬菜可在花期或苗期噴施5%矮壯素水劑2000倍,也可用5%助壯素水劑1000倍。如將多效唑對水稀釋成一定濃度,可用於噴霧、浸根、灌根,對防徒長、矮化植株,促進增產作用較好。噴施愛多收2000-3000倍也具有以上功效。
當落花落果發生時,除使用2,4-D或防落素點花、噴花外,可用2%萘乙酸鈉鹽水劑6000倍噴花序,瓜類在4-6葉期,噴施可促進雌花形成。用適當濃度的乙烯利噴施瓜類,有促進坐果或促生雌花的作用。
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