少量多次注意平衡
shaoliangduocishishuirongxingfeiliaozuizhongyaodeshifeiyuanze,fuhezhiwugenxibujianduanxishouyangfendetedian,jianshaoyicixingdaliangshifeizaochengdelinrongsunshi。shaoliangduocishiyongshishuirongfeiliaoliyonglvgaodezuizhongyaoyuanyin。yibanmeicimeimuyongliangzai3-6公斤。
水溶性肥料通常澆施、淋施或通過灌溉設備施用。特別在滴灌施肥條件下,根係生長密集、liangda,zheshiduiturangdeyangfengongyingyilaixingjianxiao,gengduoyilaiyutongguodiguantigongdeyangfen。duiyangfendehelibilihenongduyougenggaoyaoqiu。ruguopeifangbupingheng,huiyingxiangzuowushengchang。
合理灌溉避免過量
lejieguangaishuideyingduhesuanjiandunengbimianchanshengchendian,tigaofeixiao。tebieshiduiyuyanjianturangdiqu,linsuangaiyanchendianfeichangpubian,shidusaiditoudeyuanyinzhiyi。tongshilinsuanyanchendianyeshijiangdilinfeixiaoguodezhongyaoyuanyin。
就jiu灌guan溉gai量liang來lai說shuo,一yi般ban使shi根gen層ceng深shen度du保bao持chi濕shi潤run即ji可ke。根gen層ceng深shen度du依yi不bu同tong作zuo物wu差cha異yi很hen大da,可ke以yi用yong鏟chan隨sui時shi挖wa開kai土tu壤rang了le解jie根gen層ceng的de具ju體ti深shen度du。過guo量liang灌guan溉gai不bu但dan浪lang費fei水shui,嚴yan重zhong的de是shi養yang分fen淋lin洗xi到dao根gen層ceng以yi下xia,浪lang費fei肥fei料liao,作zuo物wu減jian產chan。特te別bie是shi尿niao素su、硝態氮肥(如硝酸鉀、硝酸銨鈣、硝基磷肥及含有硝態氮的水溶性肥)極(ji)容(rong)易(yi)隨(sui)水(shui)流(liu)失(shi)。在(zai)與(yu)其(qi)它(ta)肥(fei)料(liao)的(de)配(pei)合(he)施(shi)用(yong)時(shi),通(tong)常(chang)水(shui)溶(rong)肥(fei)隻(zhi)做(zuo)追(zhui)肥(fei)。在(zai)推(tui)薦(jian)施(shi)肥(fei)時(shi),應(ying)基(ji)肥(fei)與(yu)追(zhui)肥(fei)結(jie)合(he),有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)與(yu)無(wu)機(ji)肥(fei)結(jie)合(he),水(shui)溶(rong)肥(fei)與(yu)常(chang)規(gui)肥(fei)結(jie)合(he)。不(bu)要(yao)強(qiang)調(tiao)水(shui)溶(rong)肥(fei)代(dai)替(ti)其(qi)它(ta)肥(fei),要(yao)配(pei)合(he)使(shi)用(yong),降(jiang)低(di)成(cheng)本(ben),發(fa)揮(hui)各(ge)種(zhong)肥(fei)料(liao)的(de)優(you)勢(shi)。
滴灌施用的注意事項
首先,滴灌施肥時,先滴清水,等管道充滿水後開始施肥。施肥結束後立刻滴清水20-30分鍾,將管道中殘留的肥液全部排出(可用電導率儀監測是否徹底排出)。如不洗管,可能會在滴頭處生長青苔、藻類等低等植物或微生物,堵塞滴頭。
其次,大棚或溫室長期用滴灌施肥會造成地表鹽分累積,影響根係生長。可采用膜下滴灌抑製鹽分向表層遷移。
zaiqici,zhuyishifeidejunyunxing。diguanshifeiyuanzeshangshifeiyuemanyuehao。tebieshiduizaiturangzhongyidongxingchadeyuansu,yanchangshifeishijian,keyijidaditigaonanyidongyangfendeliyonglv。zaihanjidiguanshifei,jianyishifeishijian2-3小時。在土壤不缺水且保證均勻度的前提下,越快越好。
最後,注意安全施用。要防止肥料燒傷葉片和根係,特別是容易出現燒葉現象的噴灌和微噴灌施肥。通常控製肥料溶液的EC值在1-3 ms/cm,或每方水溶解1-3公斤,相當於稀釋350-1000倍,或噴施肥料後噴一次清水。淋施澆施時同樣要防止濃度過大燒根燒苗。有些種植戶一方水加入70公(gong)斤(jin)水(shui)溶(rong)肥(fei)料(liao)淋(lin)菠(bo)蘿(luo),造(zao)成(cheng)根(gen)係(xi)死(si)亡(wang)。生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)最(zui)保(bao)險(xian)的(de)辦(ban)法(fa)就(jiu)是(shi)用(yong)少(shao)量(liang)肥(fei)做(zuo)試(shi)驗(yan),發(fa)現(xian)對(dui)葉(ye)片(pian)有(you)傷(shang)害(hai)時(shi)降(jiang)低(di)濃(nong)度(du)應(ying)用(yong)。對(dui)一(yi)些(xie)大(da)的(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)戶(hu)購(gou)買(mai)手(shou)持(chi)電(dian)導(dao)率(lv)儀(yi)來(lai)監(jian)測(ce)肥(fei)料(liao)濃(nong)度(du)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)可(ke)行(xing)的(de)辦(ban)法(fa)。特(te)別(bie)對(dui)水(shui)源(yuan)鹽(yan)分(fen)濃(nong)度(du)高(gao)的(de)地(di)區(qu)更(geng)加(jia)實(shi)用(yong)。
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